ABSTRACT
Regarding the wave property of photons, we can talk about electromagnetic waves, which are characterized by intensity, wavelength, and polarization. Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves where the oscillation is perpendicular to the direction of travel, as we know from James Maxwell’s equations and the experiments of Heinrich Hertz. Accordingly, an electric eld changing in time creates a magnetic eld, and vice versa. ese two elds oscillate perpendicular to each other and perpendicular to the direction of motion of the wave (Figure 2.1).
