ABSTRACT
In 1961, Elias Snitzer published an article in the Journal of the Optical Society of America entitled “Cylindrical dielectric waveguide modes” (Figure 11.1). e article included a theoretical description of a small core ber, showing evidences that it was possible to obtain light propagation in a single guided mode (Snitzer 1961). In 1962, General Electric, IBM, and the Lincoln Laboratory at MIT demonstrated the rst semiconductor laser using gallium arsenide (GaAs). In 1964, Charles Kao in a breakthrough development proposed the optical ber as the core element of long-distance data transmission using the principle of optical communication (Kao and Hockham 1966).
