ABSTRACT
This chapter begins with the simple numerical analysis and light distribution characteristics from multiple Light-emitting diode (LED) emitters and presents a single LED emitter such as a surface mount technology module produces inadequate amounts of luminous flux for general illumination applications. Technology allows practical high-powered packaged LEDs to produce ideal Lambertian-like light distributions when desired despite the presence of other light-blocking components. The directivity of such an LED source will primarily remain over limited angular ranges and will not come close to matching those from curved-light sources. Utilization of fewer LED emitters in a lamp or luminaire has also been perceived to be economical. However, lasers and LEDs are more efficient and durable if their dimensions are kept small and are operated with much lower electrical power than the typical 1 W per LED chip. Several sets of goniophotometric measurements were performed to compare the light distribution from incandescent, compact fluorescent, and LED lamps.
