ABSTRACT

The behavior of the electromagnetic field in any medium is governed by Maxwell’s equations . The macroscopic Maxwell’s equations in SI units are given by

∇ ⋅ =D( , ) ( , )r t r tρ (2 .1)

∇ ⋅ =B( , )r t 0 (2 .2)

∇ × = −E B( , ) ( , )r t r t

t δ

δ (2 .3)

∇ × = ∂ ∂ +H

D J( , )

( , ) ( , )r t

r t t

r t

(2 .4)

where D denotes the electric displacement, B the magnetic induction, E the electric field, and H the magnetic field . The sources of the field are the free charge density, ρ, and the free current density, J .