ABSTRACT
Only 10–20% of superficial bladder tumors progress to muscle-invasive disease.
Approximately 80% of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer initially present with muscle-invasive disease.
Presence of a palpable mass after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) correlates with stage T3 cancer.
Hydronephrosis on intravenous pyelogram (IVP) or computed tomography (CT) urogram suggests the presence of advanced disease.
Approximately 50% of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer will progress to metastatic disease despite aggressive local control with radiation or cystectomy.
Median survival following diagnosis of metastatic bladder cancer is 2 years.
Metabolic complications following cystectomy are specific to the bowel segment used for reconstruction.
