ABSTRACT
Wilms’ tumor of the kidney is the most common malignant tumor of the genitourinary (GU) tract. Peak incidence is at ages 3–4 years. Typical presentation is an abdominal mass in a healthy-appearing child. Treatment combines surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. Prognosis depends upon stage.
Congenital mesoblastic nephroma is the most common renal tumor in infants. Clear cell sarcoma is associated with bone metastases.
Neuroblastoma arises from neural crest cells and is the second most common solid tumor of childhood. It may occur in the adrenals/retroperitoneum. Primary therapy is surgery; chemotherapy and radiation may also be used in unfavorable disease.
Yolk sac tumor is the most common prepubertal testicular tumor. Typical presentation is a scrotal mass. Treatment is radical orchiectomy.
Leydig cell tumors of the testes produce testosterone. Typical presentation is painless testicular mass with precocious puberty. Treatment is radical orchiectomy.
Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of childhood and may involve the bladder, prostate, paratesticular tissue, vagina, vulva, or uterus. Treatment typically combines surgery with chemotherapy and/or radiation.
