ABSTRACT
I. Introduction: SAMs as Two-Dimensional Polymers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617 II. Systems of SAMs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619 III. Synthesis of SAMs on Gold and Silver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620 IV. Structures of SAMs on Gold and Silver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621 V. Functional and Mixed SAMs on Gold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623 VI. Chemical Reactions on SAMs after Their Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624 VII. Patterning of SAMs on Gold in the Plane of the Monolayer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628 VIII. Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 630
A. Patterning Thin Films of Polymer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 630 B. Facile Preparation of SAMs that Present Mercaptan, Charged, and Polar Groups . . 633 C. Wetting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635 D. Patterning Ligands on Reactive SAMs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636
IX. Developments from 2000 to 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 638 A. Switchable Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639
X. Polymer Brushes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641 A. Smart Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642
XI. Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643 XII. Outlook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643 Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644
I. INTRODUCTION: SAMS AS TWO-DIMENSIONAL POLYMERS
A polymer, by conventional definition, is a macromolecule made up of multiple equivalents of one or more monomers linked together by covalent bonds (e.g., carbon-carbon, amide, ester, or ether bonds) [1]. These conventional polymers come in many configurations: for example, linear homopolymers, linear copolymers, block copolymers, cross-linked polymers, dendritic polymers,
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and others. The most common architecture for polymers is based on linear chains that may have other attached chains (branched, grafted, or cross-linked); that is, they are one-dimensional molecules. A few examples have been claimed as two-dimensional sheet polymers.1
