ABSTRACT

In the first range, the special analysis techniques are known as circuit theory; in the second, as microwave theory; and in the third, as geometric optics (frequency independent). Hence the fundamental laws of circuit theory can be obtained from Maxwell’s equations by applying an approximation valid when λ >> . However, it should be noted that circuit theory was not developed by approximating Maxwell’s equations, but rather was developed independently from experimentally obtained laws. The connection between circuit theory and Maxwell equations (summarizing field theory) is important; it adds to the comprehension of the fundamentals of electromagnetics. According to Silvester and Ferrari, circuits are mathematical abstractions of physically real fields; nevertheless, electrical engineers at times feel they understand circuit theory more clearly than fields [3].