ABSTRACT
This chapter presents a general discussion in relation to the classical methods of approach used for completing human health risk assessments as part of the investigation and management of contaminated site and chemical exposure problems. Quantitative human health risk assessment is often an integral part of most risk management and corrective action response programs that are designed to address contaminated site problems. The exposure assessment phase of the risk assessment is used to estimate the rates at which chemicals are absorbed by potential receptors. The conceptual site model provides the classic framework for the risk assessment; it is generally used to identify appropriate exposure pathways and receptors in order to engender a more focused evaluation during the risk assessment process. Dose–response assessment is the process of quantitatively evaluating toxicity information and characterizing the relationship between the dose of the chemical administered or received and the incidence of adverse health effects in the exposed populations.
