ABSTRACT
Many of the techniques and measurements required apply to other transport problems besides those of London; for example the values to be assigned to savings or losses in passengers’ time by lengthening or shortening journeys have been estimated by the Ministry of Transport and are used in a variety of contexts. One important and difficult problem in analysing costs and benefits in transport is the analysis of ‘modal choice’, that is of the factors affecting the choice of mode of transport. A proposed improvement in availability or convenience or a reduction in fares on one means of transport will attract passengers from other means of transport, and conversely. What is required, then, is first the measurement of existing passenger flows by the various transport modes and, secondly, a means of predicting how they will change. The resulting estimates of the effects of the proposal then serve as one of the bases of the financial and cost-benefit calculations.
