ABSTRACT
Introduction............................................................................................................166 Environmental Degradation Is Often Addressed via Restoration ...........................................................................166 Techniques for Scaling Restoration to Balance Environmental Impacts ..............................................................168 Examples of Environmental Impacts and Restoration Opportunities Scaled under Federal Programs............................................171 Methods for Restoration Scaling .................................................................172
Introduction to Habitat Equivalency Analysis ......................................................174 Background ..................................................................................................174 Advantages of HEA .....................................................................................174 Limitations of HEA .....................................................................................176 Selecting a Metric ........................................................................................176 HEA in NRDAs and in the Courts ..............................................................177
How the HEA Technique Works ...........................................................................178 Quantifying Ecosystem Services .................................................................178 Quantifying Injury........................................................................................180 Quantifying Restoration...............................................................................181 Scaling Restoration to Match Injury ...........................................................182
Discussion ..............................................................................................................182 References..............................................................................................................183
