ABSTRACT
Apart from stimulating aldosterone secretion, angiotensin II has direct vasoconstrictor effects on both afferent and efferent renal arterioles and a constrictor effect on mesangial cells reducing glomerular filtration surface. It also has direct mitogenic effects on cardiac myocytes and may also play a role in increasing thirst in heart failure via a central CNS effect. There is considerable evidence
Produced by: Cardiovascular system Kidney
Hormone Function Hormone Function
Atrial natriuretic peptide ↑ Filtration rate / ↓Na+ Renin (enzyme) ↑Angiotensin-aldosterone (ANP) reabsorption system
Endothelins (ET-1, ET-2, ET-3) Vasoconstriction / ↑NO Prostaglandins ↓ Na+ reabsorption
Nitric oxide (NO) Vasodilatation Erythropoietin ↑ Erythrocyte production
1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D Calcium homeostasis
Prekallikreins ↑ Kinin production
Acting on: Cardiovascular system Kidney
Hormone Function Hormone Function
Angiotensin II Vasocontriction Aldosterone ↑Na+ reabsorption
Arginine Vasopressin Vasoconstriction Arginine Vasopressin Water retention
Catecholamines Vasocontriction/dilatation in Catecholamines Varied skeletal muscle
Bradykinin/nitric oxide Vasodilatation 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D ↑Ca 2+ reabsorption
Thromboxanes Vasoconstriction
increasing experimental work indicates that angiotensin II plays an intracrine role in the heart to affect cell proliferation and apoptosis.
