Comparative cost and utility analysis of monolith and fractionated spacecraft using failure and replacement Markov models

Telemetry, Tracking and Command (TT&C) subsystem (Tafazoli, 2009).A more comprehensive statistical analysis of spacecraft reliability and subsystems failures can be found in Castet and Saleh (2009a, in prep.) In a monolithic spacecraft, the failure of a subsystem, especially the critical ones such as the C&DH and TT&C subsystems, often results in the loss of the spacecraft. As a result, the cost of a subsystem failure in the monolith spacecraft is significantly high, and the service provided by the spacecraft cannot be restored unless a new (complete) spacecraft is launched.