ABSTRACT
In order to account for the nonlinear properties of bearing elements, SAP2000 automatically generates the column and beam hinge nonlinear properties in compliance to ‘‘FEMA356’’ and ‘‘ACI 318-02’’, and, in addition, the effect of confinement in these elements is considered using Section-design (SD) elements, where fiber analysis of element cross-sections is considered using ‘‘confined-reinforcement Mander model’’.
