ABSTRACT
In previous chapters, the deterioration mechanisms that act to challenge concrete durability have been examined, along with the ways in which concrete structural elements can be designed and fabricated to provide suitable protection. However, adequate protection was not necessarily used in concrete structures built in the past, and many of the processes that compromise durability were unknown before their construction and have only come to light during the service of such structures. Moreover, protective measures can fail in ways that were not anticipated.
