ABSTRACT
The global energy security involves two goals for the period, 2005-2050: (i) Energy development has to be managed to facilitate the projected four-fold increase of global GDP during the period, and (ii) 50-80% reduction of global CO2 emissions by 2050 compared to 2000 levels, in order to restrict the temperature rise to 2ºC. This is to be accomplished through greater energy efficiency, greater use of renewable and nuclear power, CO2 Capture and Storage (CCS) on a massive scale, and development of carbon-free transport. The chapter provides the database which individual countries can make use of to customize their portfolios by choosing the precise mix of CCS, renewables and nuclear technology to decarbonise the power sector, to suit their resource position, and biophysical and socioeconomic environments. Almost any country in the world can make use of one option or another. The International Energy Agency, Paris, came up with fourteen key roadmaps on the supply side and demand side, to achieve a sustainable energy future. A great deal of basic and applied science research is needed to underpin the new technologies. For instance, the safe sequestration of carbon dioxide and radioactive waste requires a good understanding of the complex interactions between the pressurized fluids and porous rock.
