ABSTRACT
E. Kling Hanson Pipe and Precast, Cambridge, Ontario, Canada
ABSTRACT: This study evaluates the influence of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) used as cement replacement on the service life and cost effectiveness of precast concrete culverts in Canada which are partially exposed to the outdoor environment including de-icing salts. The mix design variable considered in this study pertaining to dry-cast concrete is the percentage of GGBFS (0, 25 and 50%) added. Reinforcement corrosion service life estimates based on the concrete’s air permeability measurements are made for two exposure conditions: carbonation and chloride penetration. A life-cycle cost assessment is conducted to evaluate the economic feasibility of alternative concrete mix designs. Agency costs for construction, and maintenance, as well as social costs over the culvert’s service life are accounted for.
