NEFAZODONE

Death (2003): Edwards IR, Lancet 361, 1240 (11 cases) Dysgeusia (2%) Foetor ex ore (halitosis) (<1%) Gingivitis (<1%) Glossitis (<1%) Gynecomastia (<1%) Headache Hyperesthesia (<1%) Mastodynia (1%) Myalgia Oral candidiasis (<1%) Oral ulceration (<1%) Paresthesias (4%) (1999): Litt JZ, Beachwood, OH (personal case) (observation) Priapism (<1%) (1999): Brodie-Meijer CC+, Int Clin Psychopharmacol 14, 257 (clitoral) Rhabdomyolysis (2002): Thompson M+, Am J Psychiatry 159(9), 1607 (with simvastatin) Sialorrhea (<1%) Stomatitis (<1%) Vaginitis (2%) Xerostomia (25%)

Trade name: Viracept (Pfizer) Indications: HIV infection Category: Antiretroviral; Protease inhibitor Half-life: 3.5-5 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: benzodiazepines,

chlordiazepoxide, clonazepam, clorazepate, diazepam, dihydroergotamine, ergot alkaloids, fentanyl, flurazepam, lorazepam, methysergide, midazolam, oral contraceptives, oxazepam, phenytoin, pimozide, quazepam, rifampin, sildenafil, St John’s wort, temazepam

Reactions

Skin Allergic reactions (sic) (<1%)

Dermatitis (sic) (<1%)

Diaphoresis (<1%) Exanthems (1998): Bourezane Y+, Clin Infect Dis 27(5), 1321 (with indinavir) Hyperhidrosis (2000): Bonfanti P+, J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 23(3), 236 Lichenoid eruption (1998): Bourezane Y+, Clin Infect Dis 27(5), 1321 Palmar erythema (1998): Bourezane Y+, Clin Infect Dis 27(5), 1321 (with indinavir) Pruritus (<1%) Rash (sic) (1-10%) (2001): Abraham PE+, Ann Pharmacother 35(5), 553 (2000): Fortuny C+, AIDS 14, 335 Urticaria (<1%) (1998): Demoly P+, J Allergy Clin Immunol 102(5), 875 Vasculitis (1998): Bourezane Y+, Clin Infect Dis 27(5), 1321

Other DRESS syndrome

(1998): Bourezane Y+, Clin Infect Dis 27, 1321 Gynecomastia (2001): Manfredi R+, Ann Pharmacother 35(4), 438 Headache Hypersensitivity (1999): Demoly P+, J Allergy Clin Immunol 104 (2 Pt 1), 504 Myalgia (<1%) Oral ulceration (<1%) Paresthesias (<1%) Perioral paresthesias (2001): McMahon D+, Antivir Ther 6(2), 105 Rhabdomyolysis (2002): Hare CB+, Clin Infect Dis 35(10), 111 (with simvastatin) *Note: Protease inhibitors cause dyslipidemia which includes elevated triglycerides

and cholesterol and redistribution of body fat centrally to produce the so-called “protease paunch,” breast enlargement, facial atrophy, and “buffalo hump”

Trade names: Cortosporin; Dexacine; Maxitrol (Monarch); Neosporin (Warner Lambert) (Monarch); Poly-Pred

Other common trade names: Gemicina; Myciguent; Neomicina; Neomycine

Diamant; Neosulf; Nivemycin Indications: Various infections caused by susceptible organisms Category: Aminoglycoside antibiotic Half-life: 3 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: aldesleukin,

aminoglycosides, atracurium, bumetanide, doxacurium, ethacrynic acid, furosemide, methoxyflurane, pancuronium, polypeptide antibiotics, rocuronium, succinylcholine, torsemide, vecuronium

Reactions

Skin Allergic reactions (sic)

Angioedema (1959): Pirilä V+, Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 39, 1470 Bullous eruption Dermatitis (sic) (1-10%) (2000): Hillen U+, Hautarzt 51, 239 (1999): Giordano-Labadie F+, Contact Dermatitis 40, 192 (2.6%) (in atopics) (1999): Lestringant GG+, Int J Dermatol 38, 181 (5.1%) (1998): Katsarou-Katsari A+, J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 11, 9 (1998): Kimura M+, Contact Dermatitis 39, 148 (1997): Dasaraju P+, Clin Infect Dis 25, 33 (1996): Sheretz EF, Arch Dermatol 132, 461 (1994): Fisher AA, Cutis 54, 300 (1993): Lipozencic J+, Arh Hig Rada Toksikol (Serbo-Croatian-Roman) 44, 173 (1991): Barros MA+, Contact Dermatitis 25, 156 (1991): Mariani R+, Contact Dermatitis 24, 227 (1990): Bouffioux B+, Nouv Dermatol (French) 9, 25 (1990): Grandinetti PJ+, J Am Acad Dermatol 23, 646 (1990): Smith IM+, Clin Otolaryngol 15, 155 (1989): Guin JD+, Cutis 43, 564 (1989): Massone L+, Contact Dermatitis 21, 344 (1988): Shupp DL+, Cutis 42, 528 (1987): Abdul-Gaffoor PM, Indian J Dermatol 32, 102 (1986): Bajaj AK+, Int J Dermatol 25, 103 (1986): Baldinger J+, Ann Ophthalmol 18, 95 (1986): Rebandel P+, Contact Dermatitis 15, 92 (1985): Fisher AA, Cutis 35, 315 (1985): Fraki JE+, Acta Otolaryngol Stockh 100, 414 (1985): Frenzel U +, Phlebologie (French) 38, 389 (1985): Szarmach H+, Przegl Dermatol (Polish) 72, 521 (disseminated) (1984): Menne T+, Hautarzt (German) 35, 319 (1983): Macdonald RH+, Clin Exp Dermatol 8, 249

(1982): Fisher AA, Ann Allergy 49, 97 (1981): Fisher AA+, Cutis 28, 491 (1981): Gordon W, S Afr Med J 59, 212 (1981): LeRoy R+, Derm Beruf Umwelt (German) 29, 168 (1980): Epstein E, Contact Dermatitis 6, 219 (1979): Leyden JJ+, JAMA 242, 1276 (1979): Prystowsky SD+, Arch Dermatol 115, 713 (1979): Prystowsky SD+, Arch Dermatol 115, 959 (1978): Durocher LP, Can Med Assoc J (French) 118, 162 (1978): Forstrom L+, Contact Dermatitis 4, 312 (1977): Shouji A, Nippon Rinsho (Japanese) 35, 210 (1977): Sinka L+, Bratisl Lek Listy (Slovak) 67, 59 (1976): Carruthers JA+, Contact Dermatitis 2, 269 (1976): Fisher AA+, Cutis 18, 637 (1974): Bandmann HJ+, Internist Berl (German) 15, 47 (1974): Malten KE+, Phlebologie (French) 27, 417 (1974): Peterkin GA, J Laryngol Otol 88, 15 (1973): Ebner H, Wien Klin Wochenschr (German) 85, 203 (1973): BMJ 1, 250 (1973): Naess K, Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen (Norwegian) 93, 2498 (1972): Hadida ME+, J Med Lyon (French) 53, 1093 (1972): Hattori S, Nippon Ika Daigaku Zasshi (Japanese) 39, 23 (1971): Bielicky T+, Z Haut Geschlechtskr (German) 46, 771 (1971): EpsteinE, Arch Dermatol 103, 562 (1971): Foussereau J+, Bull Soc Fr Dermatol Syphiligr (French) 78, 457 (1970): Bandmann HJ, Munch Med Wochenschr (German) 112, 1125 (1970): Bowczyc J+, Przegl Dermatol (Polish) 57, 763 (1970): Chilvers AS+, Lancet 1, 402 (1969): Matner T, Hautarzt (German) 20, 446 (1969): Novak M+, Cesk Dermatol (Czech) 44, 177 (1968): Bartova J, Cesk Dermatol (Czech) 43, 271 (1968): Hiemisch I+, Z Haut Geschlechtskr (German) 43, 49 (1968): Hjorth N+, Br J Dermatol 80, 163 (1967): Med Lett Drugs Ther 9, 71 (1967): Pirila V+, Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 47, 419 (1967): Schwank R, Cesk Dermatol 42, 341 (1966): Jensen OC+, JAMA 195, 131 (1966): Pirila V+, Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 46, 489 (1965): Kirton V+, Lancet 1, 138 (1959): Pirilä V+, Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 39, 1470 Eczema (sic) (1969): Ekelund A+, Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 49, 422 Erythema multiforme (1986): Fisher AA, Cutis 37, 158 Exanthems

(1990): Bouffioux B+, Nouv Dermatol (French) 9, 25 Fixed eruption (1985): Gomez B+, Allergol Immunopathol Madr (Spanish) 13, 87 Pruritus Rash (sic) (1-10%) Toxic epidermal necrolysis (1969): Muresan D+, Viata Med (Romanian) 16, 731 (1959): Catto JVF, BMJ 2, 544 Ulcerations Urticaria (1-10%) (1959): Pirilä V+, Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 39, 1470

Hair Hair-alopecia

Other Anaphylactoid reactions

(1986): Goh CL, Australian J Dermatol 27, 125 Hypersensitivity (2001): Le Coz CJ, Ann Dermatol Venereol 128(12), 1359

Trade name: Natrecor (Scios) Indications: Acutely decompensated congestive heart failure Category: Human B-type natriuretic peptide; Vasodilator Half-life: 18 minutes

Reaction

Skin Diaphoresis (>1%)

Pruritus (>1%) Rash (sic) (>1%)

Other Back pain

Cough (>1%) Headache Leg cramps (>1%) Paresthesias (>1%)

Phlebitis Tremor (>1%)

Trade name: Viramune (Boehringer Ingelheim) Indications: HIV infections Category: Antiretroviral non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) Half-life: 45 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: ketoconazole,

midazolam, St John’s wort

Reactions

Skin Adverse effects (sic)

(2001): MMWR 49, 1153 Exanthems (2000): Barreiro P+, AIDS 14(14), 2153 (2000): Palacios Munoz R+, Rev Clin Esp (Spanish) 200(11), 635 Pruritus Rash (sic) (<48%) (2001): Barreiro P+, Lancet 356(9239), 392 (2001): Bersoff-Matcha SJ+, Clin Infect Dis 32(1), 124 (2001): Colebundrs R+, Lancet 357, 392 (2001): Wong KH+, Clin Infect Dis 33(12), 2096 (2000): Bardsley-Elliot A+, Paediatr Drugs 2(5), 373 (1999): Anton P+, AIDS 13, 524 (1998): Barner A+, Lancet 351, 1133 (1998): Bourezane Y+, Clin Infect Dis 27, 1321 (1998): Ho TT+, AIDS 12, 2082 (1996): Luzuriaga K+, J Infect Dis 174, 713 (1995): Havlir D+, J Infect Dis 171, 537 (48%) Stevens-Johnson syndrome (<1%) (2002): Dodi F+, AIDS 16(8), 1197 (2 cases) (2001): Fagot JP+, AIDS 15(14), 1843 (2001): MMWR 49, 1153 (2001): Metry DW+, J Am Acad Dermatol 44, 354 (2001): Roujeau J-C+, AIDS 15, 1843 (2000): Bardsley-Elliot A+, Paediatr Drugs 2(5), 373 (2000): Garcia Fernandez D+, Rev Clin Esp (Spanish) 200, 179

(1999): Wetterwald E+, Br J Dermatol 140, 980 (SJS/TEN overlap syndrome) (1998): McClain SA, SUNY Stony Brook, NY (from Internet) (observation) (1998): Warren KJ+, Lancet 351-567 Toxic epidermal necrolysis (2001): Fagot JP+, AIDS 15(14), 1843 (2001): Roujeau J-C+, AIDS 15, 1843 (1999): Descamps V+, Lancet 353, 1855 (1999): Phan TG+, Australas J Dermatol 40, 153 (1999): Wetterwald E+, Br J Dermatol 140, 980 (SJS/TEN overlap syndrome)

Other DRESS syndrome*

(2001): Claudio GA+, Arch Intern Med 161(20), 2501 (2000): Sissoko D+, Presse Med (French) 29, 1041 (1998): Bourezane Y+, Clin Infect Dis 27(5), 1321 Gingivitis (1-3%) Headache Hypersensitivity (2001): Wit FW+, AIDS 15(18), 2423 (2000): Podzamczer D+, AIDS 14, 331 Lipodystrophy (2000): Lewis RH+, J Acquir Immune Defic Syndrom 23, 355 (1999): Aldeen T+, AIDS 13, 865 Myalgia (1-10%) Paresthesias (2%) Ulcerative stomatitis (4%)

*Note: The DRESS syndrome consists of ‘drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms’

Synonym: nicotinic acid Trade names: Advicor (Kos); Niacor (Upsher-Smith); Niaspan (Kos); Nicobid;

Nicolar (Aventis); Nicotinex; Slo-Niacin (UpsherSmith) Other common trade names: Apo-Nicotinamide; I*; IV; Nia-Bid; Niac; Niacels;

Nicobion; Nicotinex; Nicovital; Pepeom Amide; Vitamin B3 Indications: Hyperlipidemia Category: Antihyperlipidemic Half-life: 45 minutes Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: atorvastatin,

selenium

Reactions

Skin Acanthosis nigricans

(2002): Burrall BA, Sacramento, CA (from Internet) (observation) (2002): Eisner J, Mt. Vernon, WA (from Internet) (observation) (2002): Liss WA, Pleasanton, CA (from Internet) (observation) (2002): Marmelzat, JA, Los Angeles, CA (from Internet) (observation) (1994): McKenney JM+, JAMA 271, 672 (1994): Stals H+, Dermatology 189, 203 (1993): Stone OJ, Med Hypotheses 40, 154 (1992): Coates P+, Br J Dermatol 126, 412 (1990): Audicana M+, Contact Dermatitis 22, 60 (1990): Brown G+, N Engl J Med 323, 1289 (8.3%) (1989): Larmi E, Int J Dermatol 28, 609 (1989): Ylipieti S+, Contact Dermatitis 21, 105 (1981): Elgart ML, J Am Acad Dermatol 5, 709 (1974): Pedro S, N Engl J Med 29, 422 (1971): Curth HO, Birth Defects 7, 31 (1967): Branehog I+, Lakartidningen (Swedish) 64, 1449 (1964): Tromovitch TA+, Arch Dermatol 89, 222 Dermatitis (1995): Bilbao I+, Contact Dermatitis 33, 435 Erythema (1995): Fisher AA, Cutis 55, 132 Exanthems (1997): Blumenthal HL, Beachwood, OH (personal case) (observation) (1997): Litt JZ, Beachwood, OH (2 personal cases) (observation) (1990): Brown G+, N Engl J Med 323, 1289 (2.8%) Fixed eruption (<1%) (1992): de la Hoz-Caballer B+, Med Clin (Barc) (Spanish) 98, 357 Flushing (1-10%) (2002): Kashyap ML+, Am J Cardiol 89(6), 672 (10%) (with lovastatin) (2002): Litt JZ, Beachwood, OH (personal case) (observation) (1998): Capuzzi DM+, Am J Cardiol 82, 74U (1998): Guyton JR+, Am J Cardiol 82, 737 (4.8%) (1998): Knopp RH, Am J Cardiol 82, 24U (1998): Morgan JM+, Am J Cardiol 82, 29U (1997): Jungnickel PW+, J Gen Intern Med 12, 591 (1996): Crouse JR, Coron Artery 7, 321 (1996): Glen AI+, Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 55, 9 (1994): Fivenson DP+, Arch Dermatol 130, 753 (1994): McKenney JM+, JAMA 271, 672 (1994): Sudan BJ, Ann Pharmacother 28, 1113

(1 993): Fisher AA, Cutis 51, 225 (1992): Breathnach SM+, Adverse Drug Reactions and the Skin Blackwell, Oxford,

265 (passim) (1992): Whelan AM+, J Fam Pract 34, 165 (passim) (1989): Warady B+, Perit Dial Int 9, 81 (1988): Figge HL+, Pharmacotherapy 8, 287 (1985): Mooney E, Int J Dermatol 24, 549 (1977): Estep DL+, Clin Toxicol 11, 325 (1973): Med Lett 15, 102 (1973): Levy RI+, Drugs 6, 12 Ichthyosis (1961): Berge KG+, Am J Med 31, 24 Keratoses, pigmented (1974): Wittenborn JR+, Adv Biochem Psychopharmacol 9, 295 Pigmentation (1992): Breathnach SM+, Adverse Drug Reactions and the Skin Blackwell, Oxford,

265 (passim) Pruritus (1-5%) (2002): Kashyap ML+, Am J Cardiol 89(6), 672 (with lovastatin) (1997): Blumenthal HL, Beachwood, OH (personal case) (observation) (1997): Jungnickel PW+, J Gen Intern Med 12, 591 (1994): Fivenson DP+, Arch Dermatol 130, 753 (1994): McKenney JM+, JAMA 271, 672 (1992): Breathnach SM+, Adverse Drug Reactions and the Skin (Oxford) 265 (passim) (1992): Whelan AM+, J Fam Pract 34, 165 (passim) (1977): Estep DL+, Clin Toxicol 11, 325 (1973): Med Lett 15, 102 (1973): Levy RI+, Drugs 6, 12 Rash (sic) (<1%) (2002): Kashyap ML+, Am J Cardiol 89(6), 672 (with lovastatin) (1994): McKenney JM+, JAMA 271, 672 (1992): Breathnach SM+, Adverse Drug Reactions and the Skin Blackwell, Oxford,

265 (passim) (1988): Figge HL+, Pharmacotherapy 8, 287 Scaling (sic) (1992): Breathnach SM+, Adverse Drug Reactions and the Skin Blackwell, Oxford,

265 (passim) Urticaria (1995): Fisher AA, Cutis 55, 132 Xerosis

Other Anaphylactoid reactions

Burning mouth syndrome (1988): Haustein UF, Contact Dermatitis 19, 225

Gingivitis (1998): Leighton RF+, Chest 114, 1472 Headache (2002): Kashyap ML+, Am J Cardiol 89(6), 672 (with lovastatin) Myopathy (1994): Gharavi AG+, Am J Cardiol 74, 841 (1989): Goldstein MR, Am J Med 87, 248 (1989): Litin SC+, Am J Med 86, 481 Paresthesias (1-10%) (1997): Jungnickel PW+, J Gen Intern Med 12, 591 (1992): Whelan AM+, J Fam Pract 34, 165 (passim) Toothache (sic) (1998): Leighton RF+, Chest 114, 1472 Xerostomia

Synonyms: nicotinamide; vitamin B3

Trade name: Niacinamide Indications: Prophylaxis and treatment of pellagra Category: Water-soluble nutritional supplement Half-life: 45 minutes Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: primidone

Reactions

Skin Acanthosis nigricans

(1984): Papa CM, Arch Dermatol 120, 281 Pruritus (1-5%) (1981): Zackheim HS+, J Am Acad Dermatol 4, 736 (1980): Bures FA, J Am Acad Dermatol 3, 530 Rash (sic)

Other Paresthesias (1-10%)