ABSTRACT
Scientiflc names: Smilax aristolochiaefolia; Smilax febrifuga; Smilax glabra; Smilax japicanga; Smilax officinalis; Smilax ornata; Smilax regelii; Smilax rotundifolia
Family: Smilacaceae Trade and other common names: Greenbriar; Horsebrier; jupicanga; khao yen;
Round-leaf; Salsaparrilha; saparna; smilace; smilax; zarzaparilla Category: Anti-inflammatory; Antioxidant; Immunomodulator Purported indications and other uses: blood purifier, general tonic, gout, syphilis,
gonorrhea, rheumatism, wounds, arthritis, fever, cough, scrofula, hypertension, digestive disorders, psoriasis, skin diseases, cancer
Half-life: N/A Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: digoxin
Reactions
Skin None
Note: Sarsaparilla vine should not be confused with sasparilla and sassafras (the root and bark of which were once used to flavor root beer). Sarsaparilla is only used in root beer and other beverages for its foaming properties
Scientific names: Sabal serrulata; Serenoa repens; Serenoa serrulata Family: Arecaceae; Palmae Trade and other common names: American Dwarf Palm Tree; Cabbage Palm; Ju-
Zhong; Palmier Nain; Sabal Fructus Category: Anti-inflammatory; Antiseptic
Purported indications and other uses: Benign prostatic hyperplasia, diuretic, sedative, prostate cancer (with other herbs), aphrodisiac, hair growth, colds, coughs, sore throat, asthma, chronic bronchitis, migraine
Half-life: N/A Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: oral contraceptives,
warfarin
Reactions
Skin Adverse effects (sic)
(2002): Ernst E, Ann Intern Med 136(1), 42 (2002): Mattsson K+, Lakartidningen 99(50), 5095 (2002): Wilt T+, Cochrane Database Syst Rev imed(3), CD00 Hemorrhage (2001): Cheema P+, J Intern Med 250(2), 167 Sensitization (2002): Sinclair RD+, Australas J Dermatol 43(4), 311
Trade names: Isopto Hyoscine Ophthalmic*; Scopase; Transderm-Scop Patch (Novartis) Other common trade names: Scopace; Scopoderm-TTS; Transdermal-V Indications: Nausea and vomiting, excess salivation Category: Anticholinergic; Antispasmodic Half-life: 8 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: anticholinergics,
arbutamine
Reactions
Skin Allergic reactions (sic)
(2001): Decraene T+, Contact Dermatitis 45(5), 309 Dermatitis (sic) (transdermal patch and ophthalmic) (1990): Hogan DJ+, J Am Acad Dermatol 22, 811 (1989): Gordon CR+, BMJ 298(6682), 1220 (1989): Holdiness MR, Contact Dermatitis 20, 3 (1988): van der Willigen AH+, J Am Acad Dermatol 18, 146 (1985): Clissold SP+, Drugs 29, 189
(1985): Trozak DJ, J Am Acad Dermatol 13, 247 (1984): Fisher AA, Cutis 34, 526 Edema (<1%) (ophthalmic) Erythema Erythema multiforme (1986): Fisher AA, Cutis 37, 158; 262 (1979): Guill MA+, Arch Dermatol 115, 742 Exanthems (1985): Clissold SP+, Drugs 29, 189 (transdermal patch) Fixed eruption (1981): Kanwar AJ+, Dermatologica 162, 378 Flushing Hypohidrosis (>10%) Photosensitivity (1-10%) Rash (sic) (<1%) Urticaria Xerosis (>10%)
Other Anaphylactoid reactions
(1995): Manhart AR+, J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 33, 189 (fatal) (1994): Watanabe F+, J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 32, 593 (fatal) Death Dizziness (2002): Kranke P+, Anesth Analg 95(1), 133 Headache Injection-site irritation (>10%) Oral mucosal lesions (1985): Clissold SP+, Drugs 29, 189 (transdermal patch) (>5%) Xerostomia (>60%) (2002): Kranke P+, Anesth Analg 95(1), 133 (1985): Clissold SP+, Drugs 29, 189 (transdermal patch) (66%) (1981): Price NM+, Clin Pharmacol Ther 29, 414
*Note: Systemic adverse effects have been reported following ophthalmic administration
Synonym: quinalbarbitone Trade name: Seconal (Lilly) Other common trade names: Immenoctal; Novo-Secobarb; Secanal Indications: Insomnia
Category: Short-acting barbiturate sedative-hypnotic Half-life: 15-40 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: alcohol,
anticoagulants, antihistamines, brompheniramine, buclizine, chlorpheniramine, dicumarol, ethanolamine, imatinib, warfarin
Reactions
Skin Angioedema (<1%)
Exanthems Exfoliative dermatitis (<1%) Purpura Rash (sic) (<1%) Stevens-Johnson syndrome (<1%) Urticaria
Other Headache
Hypersensitivity Injection-site pain (>10%) Rhabdomyolysis (1990): Larpin R+, Presse Med 19(30), 1403 Serum sickness Thrombophlebitis (<1%)
Trade name: Secretin-Ferring (Ferring) Indications: Diagnosis of gastrinoma (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome) Category: Gastrointestinal peptide hormone Half-life: N/A
Reactions
Skin Allergic reactions (sic)
Urticaria (1975): Baenkler HW+, BMJ 2, 747
Other Injection-site reactions (sic)
(1975): Baenkler HW+, BMJ 2, 747
Synonyms: deprenyl; L-deprenyl Trade name: Eldepryl (Somerset) Other common trade names: Apo-Selegiline; Carbex; Eldeprine; Jumex; Movergan;
Novo-Selegiline; Plurimen Indications: Parkinsonism Category: Antiparkinsonian; Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor Half-life: 9 minutes Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: carbidopa,
citalopram, doxepin, ephedra, ephedrine, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, levodopa, meperidine, nefazodone, oral contraceptives, paroxetine, sertraline, venlafaxine
Reactions
Skin Diaphoresis
Peripheral edema Photosensitivity Rash (sic)
Hair Hair-alopecia
Hair-hypertrichosis (facial)
Other Application-site reactions
(2002): Bodkin JA+, Am J Psychiatry 159(11), 1869 Bruxism (1-10%) Death (2002): Prescrire Int 11(60), 108 Dysgeusia Headache Paresthesias Serotonin syndrome (2002): Prescrire Int 11(60), 108 Tinnitus
Tremor Xerostomia (>10%) (1988): Golbe LI+, Clin Neuropharmacol 11, 45
Trade names: Bio-Active Selenium (Solaray); Exsel Shampoo; Head & Shoulders Intensive Treatment Dandruff Shampoo (Procter & Gamble); SelenoMax (Source Naturals); Selsun Blue (Abbott); Selsun Shampoo (Abbott); Vpak51
Other common trade names: Selenate; Selenite; selenium dioxide; selenium sulfide; selenocysteine; selenomethionine
Indications: Anticancer (stomach, colorectal, lung, prostate), arthritis, asthma, heart disease, HIV inhibitor. Treatment of dandruff, fungal infections (tinea versicolor), and seborrhea
Category: Essential micronutrient Half-life: 12-41 hours; Selenomethionine: 252 days, Selinite: 102 days Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: cholesterol-lowering
drugs, cisplatin, clozapine, niacin, oral corticosteroids, simvastatin
Reactions
Skin Adverse effects (sic)
(1994): Yang G+, J Trace Elem Electrolytes Health Dis 8(3-4), 159 (chronic exposure)
(1989): Stacchini A+, J Trace Elem Electrolytes Health Dis 3(4), 193 Allergic reactions (sic) Carcinoma (2001): Vinceti M+, Rev Environ Health 16(4), 233 (chronic exposure) (2000): Vinceti M+, J Clin Epidemiol 53(10), 1062 (chronic exposure) (2000): Vinceti M+, Sci Total Environ 250(1-3), 1 (chronic exposure) (1999): Barceloux DG, J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 37(2), 145 (deficiency) (1997): Foster LH+, Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 37(3), 211 (deficiency) Dermatitis (2001): Vinceti M+, Rev Environ Health 16(4), 233 (chronic exposure) Diaphoresis Erythema chronicum persistans (2003): Smith S, Louisville, KY (from Internet) (observation) Flushing Infections Lupus erythematosus (deficiency)
Melanoma (1998): Vinceti M+, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 7(10), 853 (chronic exposure) Photodermatitis Pruritus Rash (sic) Scleroderma (deficiency)
Hair Hair-alopecia
(2001): Vinceti M+, Rev Environ Health 16(4), 233 (chronic exposure) (1996): Whanger P+, Ann Clin Lab Sci 26(2), 99 (chronic exposure) Hair-brittle (1994): Yang G+, J Trace Elem Electrolytes Health Dis 8(3-4), 159 (chronic
exposure) Hair-changes (sic) (1999): Barceloux DG, J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 37(2), 145 (chronic exposure) (1997): Hathcock JN, Am J Clinical Nutrition 66, 427 Hair-color change
Nails Nails-brittle
(1997): Hathcock JN, Am J Clinical Nutrition 66, 427 (1996): Whanger P+, Ann Clin Lab Sci 26(2), 99 (chronic exposure) (1995): Yang GQ+, Biomed Environ Sci 8(3), 187 (deficiency) (1994): Yang G+, J Trace Elem Electrolytes Health Dis 8(3-4), 159 (chronic
exposure) Nails-loss (2001): Vinceti M+, Rev Environ Health 16(4), 233 (chronic exposure) Nails-paronychia Nails-white streaking
Other Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(2001): Vinceti M+, Rev Environ Health 16(4), 233 (chronic exposure) (1996): Vinceti M+, Epidemiology 7(5), 529 (chronic exposure) (1993): Moriwaka F+, J Neurol Sci 118(1), 38 (chronic exposure) (1977): Kilness AW+, JAMA 237(26), 2843 (chronic exposure) Arthritis (deficiency) Death (overdose) Dysgeusia (metallic taste) Myalgia Paresthesias Sialorrhea Tooth disorder (sic) Tremor Note: Selenium is an essential component of glutathione peroxidase. Inadequate
concentrations of dietry selenium account, in part, for Keshan disease (a fatal cardiomyopathy)
Scientific names: Cassia acutifolia; Cassia angustifolia; Cassia obtusifloia; Cassia senna; Cassia tora; Senna alexandrina; Senna obtusifolia; Senna tora
Family: Caesalpiniaceae; Fabaceae Trade and other common names: Agiolax; Agoral (Numark); Alesandrian; Black-
Draught (Monticello); Cassia leaf; Ex-Lax (Novartis); Fletcher’s Castoria (Mentholatum); Gentlax; Glysennid; Goldline Senna; Herbal Trim Tea; Khartoum senna; Laci Le Beau Corp; Manevac; Perdiem (Novartis); PMS-Sennosides; Prodiem Plus (Novartis); Riva-Senna; Senexon; Senna alenxandrina; Senna Lax; Senna-Gen; Sennatab; Senokot; Senolax; Super Dieter’s Tea; X-Prep
Categoty: Anthraquinone stimulant laxative Purported indications and other uses: Laxative, cathartic, cholagogue, purgative Half-life: N/A Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: digoxin, quinidine Part used: Leaves and/or seed pods
Reactions
Skin Adverse effects (sic)
(1996): Sykes NP, J Pain Symptom Manage 11(6), 363 (1993): Passmore AP+, Pharmacology 47, 249 (1988): Jagjivan B+, Br J Radiol 61(729), 853 Allergic reactions (sic) (199l): Marks GB+, Am Rev Respir Dis 144(5), 1065 Bullous eruption (2003): Spiller HA+, Ann Pharmacother 37(5), 636 Dermatitis (2001): Leventhal JM+, Pediatrics 107(1), 178 Edema Pruritus Rash (sic) Rhinoconjunctivitis (occupational exposure) Side effects (sic) (1977): Perkin JM, Curr Med Res 4(8), 540
Other
Arthopathy (from abuse) (1988): Fichter M+, Nervenarzt (German) 59(4), 244 (1981): Armstrong RD+, Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 282(6279), 1836 Death (from abuse) Finger clubbing (from abuse) (reversible) (1980): Malmquist J+, Postgrad Med J 56(662), 862 (1978): Prior J+, Lancet 2(8096), 947 (1975): Silk DB+, Gastroenterology 68, 790 Note: Prolonged or excessive laxative use can lead to electrolyte and fluid
disturbances, development of carthartic colon, and possible increased risk of colorectal cancer. Treatment should be limited to 8 to 10 days
Trade name: Geref (Serono) Other common trade name: Gerel Category: Human growth hormone-releasing factor Half-life: ~12 minutes Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: aspirin, drugs
affecting pituitary secretion of somatotropin, glucocorticoids, indomethacin, insulin
Reactions
Skin Flushing
Pallor Pruritus Urticaria
Other Dizziness
Dysgeusia Dysphagia Injection-site edema Injection-site erythema Injection-site pain
