ESCITALOPRAM

Synonyms: Lu-26-054; S-Citalopram Trade name: Lexapro (Forest) Indications: Major depressive disorders, anxiety Category: Antidepressant; Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) Half-life: 27-32 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: alcohol, kava, MAO

inhibitors, selegiline, St John’s wort, sumatriptan, valerian

Reactions

Skin Acne (<1%)

Allergic reactions (sic) (1-10%) Ankle edema Chills (<1%) Dermatitis (sic) Diaphoresis (5%) Eczema (<1%) Edema (<1%) Facial edema Flu-like syndrome (5%) Flushing (<1%) Folliculitis (<1%) Furunculosis (<1%) Hot flashes (1-10%) Pruritus (<1%) Purpura (<1%) Rash (sic) (1-10%) Shivering Xerosis (<1%)

Hair Hair-alopecia (<1%)

Other Anaphylactoid reactions

Anxiety (<1%) Arthralgia (1-10%)

Arthritis (<1%) Bruxism (<1%) Conjunctivitis (<1%) Cough (1-10%) Depression (<1%) Dizziness (5%) Dysgeusia (<1%) Headache Limb pain (<1%) Lipoma Mouth vesiculation (1-19%) Myalgia (1-10%) Paresthesias (1-10%) Restless legs syndrome (<1%) Tic disorder (<1%) Tinnitus (1-10%) Toothache (1-10%) Tremor (1-10%) Twitching (<1%) Xerostomia (6%)

Trade name: Brevibloc (Baxter) Indications: Tachyarrhythmias, tachycardia Category: Antiarrhythmic class II; Antihypertensive; Beta-adrenoceptor blocker Half-life: 9 minutes Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: clonidine, verapamil

Reactions

Skin Acne (<1%)

Cold extremities (sic) Diaphoresis (>10%) Eczema (<1%) Edema (<1%) Erythema (<1%) Exfoliative dermatitis (<1%) Facial edema Flushing (<1%)

Necrosis (<1%) Pallor (<1%) Pigmentation (<1%) Psoriasis (<1%) Purpura Rash (sic) Urticaria

Hair Hair-alopecia

Other Dysgeusia

Injection-site inflammation (1987): Benfield P+, Drugs 33, 392 Injection-site pain (8%) Injection-site reactions (sic) (1-10%) Paresthesias (<1%) Thrombophlebitis (<1%) Xerostomia (<1%)

Synonyms: Perprazole; H 19918 Trade name: Nexium (AstraZeneca) Indications: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Categoty: Proton pump inhibitor Half-life: 1.5 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: benzodiazepines,

chlordiazepoxide, clonazepam, clorazepate, diazepam, digoxin, flurazepam, lorazepam, midazolam, oxazepam, quazepam, temazepam

Reactions

Skin Acne (<1%)

Allergic reactions (sic) (<1%) Angioedema (<1%) Candidiasis (<1%) Dermatitis (sic) (<1%) Diaphoresis (<1%)

Edema (<1%) Exanthems (<1%) Facial flushing (<1%) Flushing (<1%) Fungal infections (sic) (<1%) Peripheral edema (<1%) Photosensitivity (2003): Zabawski E, Longwood, TX (from Internet) (observation) Pruritus (<1%) Pruritus ani (<1%) Urticaria (<1%)

Other Arthralgia (<1%)

Depression (<1%) Dysgeusia (<1%) Fibromyalgia (<1%) Headache (2002): Johnson TJ+, Am J Health Syst Pharm 59(14), 1333 Hyperesthesia (<1%) Paresthesias (<1%) Parosmia (<1%) Polymyalgia (<1%) Respiratory infection (2002): Johnson TJ+, Am J Health Syst Pharm 59(14), 1333 Rhabdomyolysis (2003): Sipe BE+, Ann Pharmacother 37(6), 808 (with atorvastatin and

clarithromycin) Tinnitus (<1%) Tongue edema (<1%) Ulcerative stomatitis (<1%) Vaginitis (<1%) Xerostomia

Trade name: ProSom (Abbott) Other common trade names: Domnamid; Esilgan; Eurodin; Kainever; Nuctalon;

Tasedan Indications: Insomnia Category: Benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic Half-life: 10-24 hours

Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: indinavir, ritonavir

Reactions

Skin Acne (<1%)

Allergic reactions (sic) (<1%) Chills (<1%) Dermatitis (sic) (<1%) Diaphoresis (1-10%) Edema (<1%) Eyelid edema (<1%) Flushing (1-10%) Photosensitivity Pruritus (1-10%) Purpura (<1%) Rash (sic) (>10%) Urticaria (1-10%) Xerosis (<1%)

Other Dysgeusia (1-10%)

Glossitis Gynecomastia (<1%) Myalgia (1-10%) Oral ulceration (<1%) Paresthesias (1-10%) Sialopenia (>10%) Sialorrhea (<1%) Vaginal pruritus (1-10%) Xerostomia (>10%)

Trade name: Emcyt (Pharmacia) Other common trade name: Cellmusin Indications: Prostate carcinoma Category: Antineoplastic; Nitrogen mustard Half-life: 20 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: aldesleukin

Reactions

Skin Allergic reactions (sic)

(2001): Zelek L+, Ann Oncol 12(9), 1265 Edema (>10%) Exanthems (1971): Anderes A+, Praxis (German) 60, 1276 Flushing (1%) Hot flashes (<1%) Night sweats (<1%) Pigmentary changes (sic) (<1%) Pruritus (2%) (1976): Nagel R+, Med Klin (German) 71, 1724 Purpura (3%) Rash (sic) (1%) Urticaria Xerosis (2%)

Hair Hair-alopecia (<1%)

Other Death

(2001): Zelek L+, Ann Oncol 12(9), 1265 Gynecomastia (>10%) Injection-site thrombophlebitis (1-10%) (1976): Nagel R+, Med Klin (German) 71, 1724 Mastodynia (66%) Thrombophlebitis (3%) Tinnitus

Generic: Chlorotrianisene

Trade name: Tace Diethylstilbestrol Trade names: Cyren A; Destrol; Stilphostrol Estradiol

Trade names: Estrace (Warner Chilcott); Estraderm (Novartis) Estrogens, conjugated Trade name: Premarin (Wyeth) Estrogens, esterified Trade names: Estratab (Solvay); Menest (Monarch) Estrone Trade names: Estroject; Estronol; Gynogen; Theelin, etc. Estropipate Trade name: Ogen (Pharmacia) Ethinyl estradiol Trade name: Estinyl Quinestrol Trade name: Estrovis Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: black cohosh

Reactions

Skin Acanthosis nigricans

(1974): Banuchi SR+, Arch Dermatol 109, 544 Acne Angioedema (2002): van der Klooster JM+, Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 146(34), 1599 (2000): McGlinchey PG+, Am J Med Sci 320, 212 (1942): Saphir WS+, JAMA 119, 557 Ankle edema Bullous eruption (1971): Kuchera LK, JAMA 218, 562 Chloasma (<1%) Dermatitis (sic) (1995): Shelley WB+, J Am Acad Dermatol 32, 25 (1981): Ljunggren B, Contact Dermatitis 7(3), 141 Eczema (sic) (1995): Shelley WB+, J Am Acad Dermatol 32, 25 Edema (<1%) Erythema multiforme (1998): Moghadam BK+, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 85, 537 Erythema nodosum (1990): Bartelsmeyer JA+, Clin Obstet Gynecol 33, 777 (1980): Salvatore MA+, Arch Dermatol 116, 557 Exanthems (1999): Coustou D+, Ann Dermatol Venereol 125, 484 (1999): Kumar A+, Australas J Dermatol 40, 96 (1997): Litt JZ, Beachwood, OH (personal case) (observation)

(1984): Lee M+, J Urol 131, 767 Exfoliative dermatitis (1942): Kasselberg LA, JAMA 120, 117 Fixed eruption (<1%) Flushing (1981): Ingle JN+, N Engl J Med 304, 16 (3%) (1973): Delius L, Dtsch Med Wochenschr (German) 98, 1512 Hot flashes (2001): Spetz AC+, J Urol 166(2), 517 Hyperkeratosis of nipples (1980): Mold DE+, Cutis 26, 95 Irritation (sic) (from transdermal system) Livedo reticularis Lupus erythematosus (1989): Colins D, J Rheumatol 16, 408 (1986): Barrett C+, Br J Rheumatol 25, 300 (1973): Elias PM, Arch Dermatol 108, 716 (1971): Kay DR+, Arthritis Rheum 14, 239 (5%) (ANA only) (1971): Laugier P+, Bull Soc Fr Syphiligr (French) 78, 623 (SLE-induced) (1969): Bole CG+, Lancet 1, 323 (1968): Hadida E+, Bull Soc Fr Syphiligr (French) 75, 616 (1968): Schleicher EM, Lancet 1, 821 (1966): Pimstone BL, S Afr J Obstet Gynecol 3, 62 Melasma (<1%) (1992): Breathnach SM+, Adverse Drug Reactions and the Skin Blackwell, Oxford,

274 (passim) (1967): Resnic S, JAMA 199, 601 Mucha-Habermann disease (1973): Hollander A+, Arch Dermatol 107, 465 Papulo-vesicular eruption (1999): Coustou D+, Ann Dermatol 125, 484 (1998): Coustou D+, Ann Dermatol Venereol (French) 125, 505 Peripheral edema Photosensitivity (1970): Mathison IW+, Obstet Gynecol Surv 25, 389 (1968): Erickson LR+, JAMA 203, 980 (1965): Daniels F, Med Clin North Am 49, 565 Pigmentation (1999): Oakley A, Auckland, New Zealand (from Internet) (observation) (from topical,

over vulva) (1972): Ippen H+, Hautarzt (German) 23, 21 (chloasma) (1967): Resnic S, JAMA 199, 601 Pruritus (2000): Siepmann M+, Dtsch Med Wochenschr (German) 125, 557 (1999): Coustou D+, Ann Dermatol Venereol 125, 484

(1999): Kumar A+, Australas J Dermatol 40, 96 (1998): Coustou D+, Ann Dermatol Venereol (French) 125, 505 (1995): Shelley WB+, J Am Acad Dermatol 32, 25 (1971): Kuchera LK, JAMA 218, 562 Purpura (1984): Lee M+, J Urol 131, 767 Rash (sic) (<1%) Raynaud’s phenomenon (1998): Fraenkel L+, Ann Intern Med 129, 208 Scleroderma (2000): D’Cruz D, Toxicol Lett 112 and 421 Spider nevi (1992): Breathnach SM+, Adverse Drug Reactions and the Skin Blackwell, Oxford,

274 (passim) Striae Telangiectasia (1970): Aram H+, Acta Derm Venereol 50, 302 Urticaria (1998): Moghadam BK+, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 85, 537 (1995): Shelley WB+, J Am Acad Dermatol 32, 25 (1984): Lee M+, J Urol 131,767 (1964): Beall GN, Medicine (Baltimore) 43, 131 Vasculitis (cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa) (1998): Cvancara JL+, J Am Acad Dermatol 39, 643 Vesicular eruptions (1999): Kumar A+, Australas J Dermatol 40, 96

Hair Hair-alopecia

(1992): Breathnach SM+, Adverse Drug Reactions and the Skin Blackwell, Oxford, 233 (passim)

Hair-hirsutism (1971): Fusi S+, Folia Endocrinol (Italian) 24, 412 Hair-straight (1994): Litt JZ, Beachwood, OH (personal case) (observation)

Nails Nails-onycholysis

(1976): Byrne JP+, Post Grad Med J 52, 535

Other Acute intermittent porphyria

Dry eyes (2001): Schaumberg DA+, JAMA 286(17), 2114 Galactorrhea Gingival hyperplasia

Gynecomastia (>10%) (2000): Felner EI+, Pediatrics 105, E55 (3 prepubertal boys from an estrogen cream) (1987): Schmidt KU+, Dtsch Med Wochenschr (German) 112, 926 (1984): Gottswinter JM+, Haarwasser Med Klin (German) 79, 181 (1978): Gabilove JL+, Arch Dermatol 114, 1672 (1969): Degos R+, Ann Dermatol Syphiligr Paris (French) 96, 5 (1969): Goebel M, Hautarzt (German) 20, 521 (1968): Stewart WM+, Bull Soc Fr Dermatol Syphiligr (French) 75, 294 Headache Injection-site pain (1-10%) Mastodynia (>10%) (2002): Arrenbrecht S+, Osteoporos Int 13(2), 176 (17%) Oral mucosal eruption (1998): Moghadam BK+, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 85, 537 Oral mucosal pigmentation (1991): Perusse R+, Cutis 48, 61 Osteoma cutis (2002): Stockel S+, Hautarzt 53(1), 37 Porphyria (1994): Siersema PD+, Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 6, 371 (1989): CoulsonDH+, Br J Urol 63, 648 Porphyria cutanea tarda (1995): Nonaka S+, Nippon Rinsho (Japanese) 53, 1427 (1990): Roger D+, Ann Dermatol Venereol (French) 117, 127 (1982): Enriquez de Salamanca R+, Arch Dermatol Res 274, 179 (1979): Grossman ME+, Am J Med 67, 277 (1979): Sweeney GD+, Can Med Assoc J 120, 803 (1978): Benedetto AV+, Cutis 21, 483 (1976): Byrne JP+, Post Grad Med J 52, 535 (1975): Haberman HF+, Can Med Assoc J 113, 653 (1975): Malina L+, Br J Dermatol 92, 707 (1975): Wanscher B, Ugeskr Laeger (Danish) 137, 623 (1973): Gajdos A+, Nouv Presse Med (French) 2, 1131 (1973): Palma-Carlos AG+, Nouv Presse Med (French) 2, 1996 (1971): Barth J+, Dermatol Monatsschr (German) 157, 160 (1971): Stein KM+, Obstet Gynecol 38, 755 (1970): Roenigk HH+, Arch Dermatol 102, 260 (1969): Duverne+, Lyon Med (French) 221, 1097 (1966): Levere RD, Blood 28, 569 (1965): Becker FT, Arch Dermatol 92, 252 (1964): Theologides H+, Metabolism 13, 391 (1963): Hurley HJ, Arch Dermatol 88, 233 (1963): Walshe M, Br J Dermatol 75, 298 Pseudolymphoma (1996): Magro CM+, Hum Pathol 27(2), 125

Vaginal candidiasis

Trade name: Enbrel (Immunex) (Wyeth) Indications: Rheumatoid arthritis Category: Antiarthritic; Antirheumatic; Biologic response modifier Half-life: 98-300 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: anakinra

Reactions

Skin Adverse effects (sic)

(2002): Brocq O+, Presse Med 31(39), 1836 (2001): Sandborn WJ+, Gastroenterology 121(5), 1088 Allergic reactions (sic) (<3%) Cellulitis (2002): Gorman JD+, N Engl J Med 346, 1349 Erythema Exanthems (2002): Conaghan P+, Skin & Allergy News June, 40 Herpes zoster (2001): Hogarty T, (from Internet) (observation) (generalized) Infections (sic) (<3%) (2003): Kroesen S+, Rheumatology (Oxford) 42(5), 617 (2002): Gorman JD+, N Engl J Med 346, 1349 (2002): Phillips K+, Arthritis Rheum 47(1), 17 (2002): Steensma DP+, Blood 99(6), 2252 (2001): Baghai M+, Mayo Clin Proc 76(6), 653 Lupus erythematosus (2003): Carlson E+, Arthritis Rheum 48(4), 1165 (2003): Debandt M+, Clin Rheumatol 22(1), 56 (2003): Lepore L+, Clin Exp Rheumatol 21(2), 276 (2002): Cairns AP+, Ann Rheum Dis 61(11), 1031 (2002): Ferraccioli GF+, Lancet 360(9333), 645 (2002): Mohan AK+, Lancet 360(9333), 646 (2002): Shakoor N+, Lancet 359 (4 cases) (2002): Takeuchi T+, Nippon Rinsho 60(12), 2390 (2001): Bleumink GS+, Rheumatology (Oxford) 40, 1317 (2001): Werth V, Dermatology Times 18

(1999): Brion PH+, Ann Intern Med 131, 634 (discoid) Lymphoma (2002): Brown SL+, Arthritis Rheum 46(12), 3151 (18 cases) Malignancies (sic) (<3%) Nodules (2002): Cunnane G+, Arthritis Rheum 47(4), 445 Pruritus Purpura (2002): Mitchell DF, Thomasville, MD (from Internet) (observation) Rash (sic) (5%) (2000): Nurses’ Drug Alert 24, 4 (1999): Brion PH+, Ann Int Med 131, 634 Squamous cell carcinoma (2001): Smith KJ+, J Am Acad Dermatol 45(6), 953 (7 cases) (2000): Smith KJ+, Academy of Dermatology Meeting San Francisco Poster Exhibit Ulcerations Upper respiratory infection (2001): Alldred A, Expert Opin Pharmacother 2(7), 1137 Urticaria (2000): Skytta E+, Clin Exp Rheumatol 18, 533 Vasculitis (2002): Conaghan P+, Skin & Allergy News June, 40 (2002): Cunnane G+, Arthritis Rheum 47(4), 445 (2002): Livermore PA+, Rheumatology (Oxford) 41(12), 1450 (2001): Werth V, Dermatology Times 18 (2000): Galaria NA+, J Rheumatol 27, 2041 (leukocytoclastic) (1999): Brion PH+, Ann Intern Med 131, 634 (necrotizing)

Other Death

(2002): Phillips K+, Arthritis Rheum 47(1), 17 (2001): Baghai M+, Mayo Clin Proc 76(6), 653 Headache (2003): Fleischmann RM+, J Rheumatol 30(4), 691 Injection-site reactions (sic) (20-40%) (2003): Arnold EL+, Arthritis Rheum 48(7), 2078 (2003): Edwards KR+, J Drugs Dermatol 2(2), 184 (2003): Fleischmann RM+, J Rheumatol 30(4), 691 (2003): Prescrire Int 12(66), 127 (2002): Gorman JD+, N Engl J Med 346, 1349 (2002): Steensma DP+, Blood 99(6), 2252 (2001): Alldred A, Expert Opin Pharmacother 2(7), 1137 (2001): Girolomoni G+, Arch Dermatol 137, 784 (2001): Sandborn WJ+, Gastroenterology 121 (5), 1088 (2001): Werth V, Dermatology Times 18

(2001): Werth VP+, Arch Dermatol 137(7), 953 (2001): Zeltser R+, Arch Dermatol 137, 893 (20%) (2000): Bathon JM+, N Engl J Med 343, 1586 (2000): Lovell DJ+, N Engl J Med 342, 763 (2000): Mease PJ, Lancet 356, 385 (2000): Murphy FT+, Arch Dermatol 136, 556 (1999): Jarvis B+, Drugs 57, 945 (1999): Moreland LW+, Ann Intern Med 130, 478 (1999): Moreland LW+, Arthritis Rheum 41, S364(Suppl) (1999): Weinblatt ME+, N Engl J Med 340, 253 Lymphoproliferative disease (2002): Brown SL+, Arthritis Rheum 46(12), 3151 (18 cases) Multiple sclerosis (2001): Sicotte NL+, Neurology 57(10), 1885 Rheumatoid nodules (sic) (2002): Kekow J+, Arthhtis Rheum 46(3), 843 Rhinitis (2003): Fleischmann RM+, J Rheumatol 30(4), 691 Tinnitus (2002): Gorman JD+, N Engl J Med 346, 1349

Trade name: Edecrin (Merck) Other common trade names: Edecril; Edecrina; Hydromedin; Reomax Indications: Edema Category: Loop diuretic Half-life: 2-4 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: amikacin,

aminoglycosides, digoxin, gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, streptomycin, tobramycin

Reactions

Skin Allergic reactions (sic)

Chills (<1%) Exanthems (1966): Sherlock S+, Lancet 1, 1049 Photosensitivity Purpura (<1%) Rash (sic) (<1%)

Urticaria Vasculitis (1992): Breathnach SM+, Adverse Drug Reactions and the Skin Blackwell, Oxford,

229 (passim) (1967): Bar-on H+, Isr J Med Sci 3, 113

Other Injection-site pain

Thrombophlebitis (<1%) Tinnitus Xerostomia

Trade name: Myambutol (Elan) Other common trade names: Apo-Ethambutol; Dexambutol; EMB; Etapiam; Etibi;

Stambutol Indications: Tuberculosis Category: Antimycobacterial Half-life: 3-4 hours

Reactions

Skin Acne

Angioedema (1985): Holdiness MR, Int J Dermatol 24, 280 Bullous eruption (1985): Holdiness MR, Int J Dermatol 24, 280 (1981): Frentz G+, Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 61, 89 Chills Dermatitis (sic) (1986): Holdiness MR, Contact Dermatitis 15, 282 (1986): Holdiness MR, Contact Dermatitis 15, 96 Diaphoresis (1985): Holdiness MR, Int J Dermatol 24, 280 Erythema multiforme (1985): Holdiness MR, Int J Dermatol 24, 280 (1981): Frentz G+, Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 61, 89 Exanthems (1985): Holdiness MR, Int J Dermatol 24, 280

(1981): Frentz G+, Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 61, 89 (1-5%) (1977): Pasricha JS+, Arch Dermatol 113, 1122 Exfoliative dermatitis (1985): Holdiness MR, Int J Dermatol 24, 280 Lichenoid eruption (1995): Grossman ME+, J Am Acad Dermatol 33, 675 (1981): Frentz G+, Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 61, 89 Lupus erythematosus (1986): Layer P+, Dtsch Med Wochenschr (German) 111, 1603 (1977): Djawari D, Z Hautkr (German) 53, 180 Photosensitivity (1994): Berger TG+, Arch Dermatol 130, 609 (in HIV-infected) Pruritus (<1%) (1985): Holdiness MR, Int J Dermatol 24, 280 (1981): Frentz G+, Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 61, 89 (1969): Council on Drugs, JAMA 208, 2463 Purpura (1972): Levantine A+, Br J Dermatol 86, 651 Rash (sic) (<1%) (1995): Chaisson RE, Infections in Medicine 12, 48 (1995): Wong PC+, Eur Respir J 8, 866 Stevens-Johnson syndrome (1979): Surjapranata FJ+, Paediatr Indones 19, 195 Toxic epidermal necrolysis (1985): Heng MCY, Br J Dermatol 106, 107 (1981): Pegram PS+, Arch Intern Med 141, 1677 Urticaria (1985): Holdiness MR, Int J Dermatol 24, 280 (1981): Frentz G+, Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 61, 89

Hair Hair-alopecia

(1985): Holdiness MR, Int J Dermatol 24, 280

Other Anaphylactoid reactions (<1%)

Dyschromatopsia Headache Hypersensitivity (1995): Dhamgaye T+, Tuber Lung Dis 76, 181 Paresthesias