ABSTRACT
All studies of subsurface processes face the challenge presented by limited observations of the environment of interest. By its very nature, the detailed characteristics of the subsurface are hidden and data collection efforts are generally hindered by technical and financial constraints. The result is that uncertainty is a factor in all groundwater studies. Seawater intrusion environments present both special opportunities and special challenges for incorporating uncertainty into numerical simulations of groundwater flow and contaminant transport. Opportunities come from the constraints that the seawater–freshwater system provides; challenges come from the numerically intensive solutions demanded by simultaneous solution of the energy and mass transport equations.
