ABSTRACT
The control of ground and structural displacements can frequently be controlled by adopting more substantial (and expensive) construction techniques. The paper by Wang and Xu (2011) provides a very extensive coverage of the construction techniques adopted for many deep excavations in Shanghai during the past two decades. The geotechnical ground conditions are described initially-in doing this the reader immediately understands the challenges of constructing within the extensive depths of very soft recent soils. Figure 1, from the paper, showing a bird’s-eye view of part of the city, highlights the density of very large and high structures that need to be protected during underground works. The paper is very valuable as it collates a wide scope of methods for constructing retaining walls (see Fig. 2), lateral and vertical support systems with clear and helpful sketches and photographs and discussion on their benefits and limitations. It goes on to describe a number of benchmark deep excavations in Shanghai, e.g. the largest and deepest deep excavation, the largest circular excavation. In order to control deformations approaches such as performance-based design and
1 OVERVIEW
There are 22 papers within this session with authors from twelve countries: Italy, Germany, Holland, China, Greece, India, Korea, Malaysia, Poland, Russia and the United Kingdom. Authors of four of the papers are from academia, nine from industry and nine from a healthy mixture of both.
