ABSTRACT
For over 70 years, depth vibrators have been used to improve the bearing capacity and settlement characteristics of weak soils. Vibro compaction is probably the oldest dynamic deep compaction method in existence. It was introduced and developed to maturity by the Johann Keller Company in 1936, which enabled the compaction of noncohesive soils to be performed with excellent results. A detailed description of the method from
CONTENTS
2.1 Introduction and history ................................................................. 17 2.2 Vibro processes ............................................................................... 19 2.3 Vibro plant and equipment ............................................................. 26 2.4 Design and theoretical considerations............................................. 28
2.4.1 Vibro compaction ................................................................ 28 2.4.2 Vibro replacement stone columns ........................................ 31
2.5 Applications and limitations ........................................................... 41 2.6 Monitoring and testing ................................................................... 42 2.7 Carbon footprint ............................................................................44 2.8 Case histories .................................................................................. 46
2.8.1 Vibro compaction for articial islands in Dubai (2001-2008) ............................................................. 46
2.8.2 Vibro stone columns for infrastructure works in Germany (2009) .................................................................. 46
2.8.3 Vibro stone columns for shipyard infrastructure in India (2009) ......................................................................... 47
2.8.4 Vibro concrete columns for a sewage treatment plant in Malaysia (2008) ................................................................... 49
2.9 Conclusions .................................................................................... 50 References ............................................................................................... 50
its beginnings up to the pre-war period is given by Schneider (1938) and by Greenwood (1976) and Kirsch (1993) for the period thereafter.
