ABSTRACT
As a rule, the initial stage of petroleum extraction from oil wells occurs under the natural layer pressure practically without contamination with water. With time, however, the water layer gets produced together with the petroleum layer. About two-thirds of all petroleum is extracted in high humidity conditions. Water layers can differ considerably by their chemical and bacteriological contents. During the extraction of this mixture of petroleum with water layer, an emulsion is formed. Emulsions can be considered to be a physical mixture of two immiscible liquids, one of which is distributed in another phase as droplets of various sizes. The water present in petroleum results in an increase in the transportation price because of an increase in both volume and viscosity of the resulting liquid to be transported.
