ABSTRACT
Breast hypertrophy in women with normal hormonal endocrine function is a common finding in Western societies. Combined with the effects of gravity and involution, the weight of the breasts can cause postural changes. This can result in neck, shoulder, and back pain that is not relieved by exercise, weight loss, or support bras. In patients with and without breast hypertrophy, the effect of gravity also causes drooping of the breasts, eventually resulting in the nipple position falling below the inframammary fold. This is called breast ptosis and is a common indication for surgery.
