ABSTRACT
Clock drawing was recognized for many years as a component of cognitive assessment. Its origins can be traced to neurology journals which reported use of this test as a measure of parietal and hence visuospatial functioning (Critchley, 1966). Over the past 20 years, however, it has been used increasingly as a screening instrument for dementia and a wide range of neuropsychiatric disorders. Beginning with Goodglass and Kaplan (1983) clock drawing was incorporated into the Boston Asphasia Battery. Since then, there have been multiple studies in the literature addressing the screening function and psychometric properties of the clock drawing test including international reviews from Poland (Krzyminski, 1995); Israel (Heinik, 1998); Germany (Ploenes et al, 1994); Sweden (Agrell and Dehlin, 1998); China (Lam et al, 1998) and Japan (Nagahama et al, 2001). Over a dozen different scoring systems have been published since 1983 (Shulman, 2000).
