ABSTRACT
Abdominal aortic aneurysm, 631-638
colorectal tumors, 636-637
concomitant intra-abdominal pathology,
diagnosis, 632-634
endovascular grafts for, 364-371
anatomic selection criteria, 371-374
Ancure Guidant EVT, 365-366
AneuRx Graft, 366
aneurysm size, patient selection based
on, 374-375
bifurcated modular graft, deployment
technique of, 369-371
construction, 364-365
endoleaks, 379-380
equipment for endovascular grafting,
Excluder, 366
fully supported vs. partially supported
grafts, 365
high-risk patients, 374
Montefiore Endovascular Graft
System, 366-367
operating room, basic setup of, 367
patient selection, 371
preoperative imaging, 371
self-expanding vs. balloon-expand-
able stents, 364-365
single components vs. multiple
component, 365
Talent Endovascular Bifurcated
Spring Graft, 366
technical considerations, 367-368
Vanguard Endovascular Aortic Graft,
vascular access, techniques to obtain,
368-369
Zenith, 366
gallbladder disease, 637
hindgut, pelvic perfusion, maintenance
of, 636
homograft replacement, development of
procedure, 6
[Abdominal aortic aneurysm]
horseshoe kidney, 636
inflammatory aneurysms, 636
juxtarenal aneurysm, 635
ligation for, development of procedure, 6
medical risk assessment, 639
operative techniques, 634
pathogenesis, 631-632
planning distal anastomosis, 635-636
renal tumors, 637
repair with prosthetic grafts, develop-
ment of procedure, 6
results of open repair, 634-635
ruptured, 637-638
Abdominal aortic arteriography, 191-197
Abdominal aortic surgery, colonic
ischemia complicating, 856-857
Abdominal compartment syndrome, 1142
Abdominal vascular trauma, 1058-1065
diagnosis, 1059
emergency department management,
1059-1060
operative management, 1060
pathophysiology, 1058-1059
Abdominal vein thrombosis, 970
Abnormal blood flow, hemodynamics,
81-101
aneurysms, 97-98
arterial obstructive lesions, circulatory
effects, 87-91
after exercise, 91
during exercise, 88-90
at rest, 88-89
arteriovenous fistulas, 95-97
therapy, 96-97
basic hemodynamics, 81-87
energy losses, 84-86
arterial stenoses, 86
flow pulses, 91-93
hemodynamic resistance, 86-87
kinetic energy, 82
potential energy, 81-82
pressure, 91-93
[Abnormal blood flow, hemodynamics]
shear, effect on arterial wall, 97
therapy, 93-95
collateral dilation, 95
direct arterial surgery, 93-95
reducing viscosity, 95
sympathectomy, 95
vasodilators, 95
total fluid energy, 82-84
Above-knee amputation, 566-567
ACAS (see Asymptomatic Carotid Artery
Study)
Access, 342-343
Activated protein C resistance, 281-282
Acute arterial insufficiency, 405-412
diagnosis, 406-408
etiology, 405
pathophysiology, 405-406
Acute atrophy of bones, 1124
Acute mesenteric ischemia, 839-844
angiography, 843-844
clinical presentation, 842
conditions associated with, 841
diagnostic studies, 842-844
historical background, 839-840
laboratory findings, 842
mesenteric vasoconstriction, patho-
physiology of, 841-842
other diagnostic modalities, 843
patient population, 840
radiographic signs, 842-843
selection of patients, 844
treatment plan, 844
operative management, 845-846
postoperative care, 846
principles of management, 844-845
types of, 840-841
arterial causes, 840
venous causes, 840-841
Acute mesenteric vascular disease,
839-859
acute mesenteric ischemia, 839-844
colonic ischemia, 852-854
Acute peripheral arterial occlusion, results
of thrombolysis in, 300-301
Adjunctive endovascular procedures,
395-404
catheter pressure localization, arterial
stenoses, 398-399
completion arteriography, 396-398
digital fluoroscopy, 395-396
basic principles, 395
cine loop playback, 396
magnification, 396
roadmapping, 396
subtraction, 395-396
fluoroscopically assisted thrombo-
embolectomy, 399-400
intraoperative balloon angioplasty,
stenting, 401-402
intraoperative thrombolysis, 400-401
preprocedure arteriography, 398
proximal arterial control, using balloon
catheter, 399
standard vascular operations, techniques
to facilitate, 396-402
Adventitia, artery wall, 34-35
Adventitial cystic disease, popliteal artery,
513-516
clinical presentation, 515
etiology, 514
history, 513-514
incidence, 514
laboratory evaluation, 515
pathophysiology, 514-515
treatment, 515-516
Age, as risk factor for atherosclerosis,
56-57
Age-related changes in artery wall, 36-37
Air-filled plethysmograph, 115
Alcohol consumption
incidence of coronary heart disease, 63
as risk factor for atherosclerosis, 63
Algodystrophy, 1124
Algoneurodystrophy, 1124
Alimentary tract tumors, angiography,
183-185
Allen test, 108
American Venous Forum, 232
Amputation, in dysvascular patient,
555-573
above-knee, 566-567
for acute ischemia, 555-556
at ankle, 561-562
below-knee, 562-565
contraindications to, 563
complications, 569-570
in diabetic patient, 555-556
digital plethysmography, 559
hip disarticulation, 567
[Amputation, in dysvascular patient]
incidence, 555
indications for, 555
laser Doppler flowmetry, 559
level of, 558-560
nuclear magnetic resonance
spectroscopy, 559
photoplethysmography, 559
postoperative care, 567-568
preoperative management, 556-557
previous reconstructive surgery, effect
on amputation level, 558
prosthesis fitting, 568
segmental blood pressure, 559
skin perfusion pressures, 559
skin temperature measurement, 559
surgery, 557-558
surgical techniques, 560-567
through-knee amputation, 565-566
of toe, 560-561
ray amputation of toe, 561
transphalangeal level, 560
transmetatarsal amputation of forefoot,
Amputee, vascular, rehabilitation,
575-594
amputation levels, 576
amputation prevention, 592
computer-aided design-computer-
assisted manufacturing, 579-580
energy consumption during gait,
amputees, 591-592
exoskeletal versus endoskeletal, 579
follow-up care, 598
incidence, 575-576
phantom pain, 590-591
postoperative management, 577-578
preprosthetic phase of management,
prognosis, 576
prosthetic components, 580-584
articulated foot-ankle assembly, 583
dynamic response, energy-storing
feet, 580-583
foot-ankle assembly, 580
transtibial prosthetic sockets, 584
prosthetic knees, 588-590
prosthetic phase of management,
578-579
prosthetic prescription, 579, 592-593
transfemoral amputee, 593
transtibial amputee, 592-593
suspension variations
transfemoral amputees, 588
transtibial amputee, 584, 585
transfemoral prosthesis, 584-587
treatment, 592
Anabolic steroids, drug interactions, 289
Anatomical bypass grafts, 442-445
Anesthesia, 342-343
Aneurysm, 97-98
angiography, 172-173
from arteriovenous fistulas, 1159
extracranial carotid artery, 803-809
atherosclerotic carotid aneurysms,
clinical presentation, 804-805
differential diagnosis, 807
effects of, 804
incidence, 803
investigation of, 805
pathology of, 803-804
reconstructive approach, 806-807
results of surgery, 808
simple ligation, 806
surgical anatomy, carotid arteries,
807-808
surgical treatment, 806-808
traumatic carotid artery aneurysms,
treatment, 805
formation of, 45-47
infected, 669-693
abdominal aorta, 680-682
aorta, 672
bacteriologic studies, 677-678
bacteriology, 674-676
carotid artery, 673
colonized aneurysms, 676
contemporary classification, 670
diagnosis, 677-678
endovascular infection, 676
endovascular repair, 682
extraanatomic reconstruction,
680-682
extremities, 674
fungal infection, 676
histology, 671
incidence, 670-671
laboratory data, 677
microbial arteritis, 671-672
microbiology, 674
mycotic aneurysms, 670-671
natural history, 676-677
operative findings, 679
operative management, 679-680
pathogenesis, 671
postoperative management, 684, 685,
preoperative management, 679
radiologic studies, 678-679
salmonella infection, 675
in situ reconstruction, 681-682
terminology, 669-670
[Aneurysm]
treatment, 679-689
unusual bacteria, 675
visceral arteries, 673-674, 682-684
occlusive disease, vascular injuries,
endovascular grafts, 363-394
physical exam, 107-108
popliteal artery, 653-657
asymptomatic aneurysms, 654-655
clinical features, 653
diagnosis, 653-654
epidemiology, 653
management, 654-656
results, 656
surgery, 655-656
symptomatic aneurysms, 654
thrombolytic therapy, 655
splanchnic artery, 659-667
celiac artery aneurysms, 665
gastric, gastroepiploic aneurysms,
665-666
gastroduodenal, pancreaticoduodenal
aneurysms, 665
hepatic artery aneurysm, 661-662
intestinal branch artery aneurysms,
splenic artery aneurysms, 659-661,
660-661
superior mesenteric artery aneurysms,
662-665
Angiography, 169-210, 345-346
abdominal aortic arteriography,
191-197
aneurysms, 172-173
angiographic catheters, 171
arterial portography, 177
carotid-cerebral, 202-203
celiac arteriography, 182
contrast agents, 169-171
dissecting aneurysm, 173-174
gastrointestinal bleeding, 185-187
hepatic venography, 179-182
lower extremity arteriography,
191-197
lower extremity venography, 197-200
mesenteric arteriography, 182
mesenteric ischemia, 187-188
acute mesenteric ischemia, 188
chronic ischemia, 187-188
mesenteric venography, 177
interpretation of, 179
portal venography, 177
portal venous access, 182
pulmonary, 175-177
renal arteriography, 188-191
superior vena cava venography,
201-202
[Angiography]
thoracic aortography, 171-172
transhepatic venous access, 182
transjugular intrahepatic portal
catheterization, 177-179
trauma, 182-183
tumors, 183-185
alimentary tract tumors, 183-185
hepatic tumors, 185
pancreatic tumors, 183
upper extremity arteriography, 200-201
upper extremity venography, 201-202
Angioscopy, 346
Angiospasm, traumatic, 1124
Angiothrombotic pulmonary hypertension,
from intravenous drug injection,
1110-1111
Ankle, amputation at, 561-562
Anticoagulant therapy, 285-296,
700-701
anticoagulation, complications of,
293-294
arterial thromboembolism
prophylaxis against, 291-292
therapy for, 291
atherosclerosis, 242
coagulation mechanism, 285
direct thrombin inhibitors, 289-290
hirudin, pharmacokinetics of, 290
physical properties, 289-290
heparin, 286-287
complications of, 293
low molecular weight heparins,
286-287
mode of action, 286-287
physical properties, 286-287
unfractionated heparins, 286-287
heparin-like agents, 286-287
low molecular weight heparinoids, 287
pharmacokinetics, 287
oral anticoagulants, drug interactions
with, 289
pharmacokinetics
low molecular weight heparins, 287
unfractionated, 287
platelet function inhibitors, 290
aspirin, 290
clopidogrel, 290
glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, 290
ticlopidine, 290
venous thromboembolism, prophylaxis
against, 292-293
venous thromboembolism therapy,
290-291
vitamin K antagonists, 287-289
drug interactions, 288-289
mode of action, 288
[Anticoagulant therapy]
pharmacokinetics of warfarin,
288-289
physical properties, 287
warfarin
anticoagulation, reversal of, 294
complications, 293-294
monitoring, 289
Anticoagulation therapy, complications of,
293-294
Antioxidants, 240
for atherosclerosis, 266
vitamins, 68-69
Antiplatelet agents, 303-308
antiplatelet drugs, 304-306
aspirin, 304-305
administration, 304-305
dosage, 304-305
efficacy, 304-305
mechanism of action, 304
for prevention of thromboembolic
complications, 305
complications, 305
glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors,
305-306
with oral anticoagulants, 305
platelet function, 303-304
arterial wall, interaction with, 304
coagulation cascade, interaction with,
303-304
side effects, 305
thienopyridines, 306
in venous disease, 305
Antithrombin deficiency, 274-275
clinical presentation, 275
diagnosis, 275
Antithrombotic therapy, evaluation of,
700-706
Anti-tissue plasminogen activator, 277
Antyllus, contribution of, 1
Aorta
atherosclerosis, medical management,
251-252
infection, 672
Aortic aneurysm
abdominal, 631-638
historical developments in treatment of,
5-6
repair, 1210-1227
thoracoabdominal, 641-651
diagnosis, 643-644
etiology, 641-642
natural history, 642-643
operative treatment, 645-648
postoperative care, 649
preoperative evaluation, 644-645
results, 649-650
Aortic arch, occlusive disease of branches
of, 765-770
aortic arch syndromes, 765
cervical reconstructions, 766-767
cross-over bypasses, 767-768
diagnosis, 765
surgical management, 765-766
thoracic reconstruction, 769-770
upper midsternotomy, 770
Aortic atherosclerosis, 45
Aortic endograft, development of
procedure, 4
Aortic occlusive disease, historical
developments in treatment of, 3
Aortobifemoral bypass
general principles of, 443
technique of, 443-444
Aortoenteric fistula, with aortoiliofemoral
occlusive disease, 448
Aortofemoral bypass, for occlusive disease,
1228-1239
Aortoiliac, femoropopliteal occlusive
disease, combined, 495-511
combined endovascular, surgical
revascularization, 504-506
combined inflow, outflow procedures,
endovascular grafts, 506
evaluation, 496-501
incidence, 496
inflow assessment, 496-498
proximal aortic reconstruction, clinical
outcome of, 496
treatment options, 501-506
Aortoiliac aneurysm repair, penis,
881-882
Aortoiliac endarterectomy, 442
development of procedure, 3
Aortoiliac inflow, adequacy of
noninvasive studies, 119
arteriovenous fistula, 119
pseudoaneurysm, 119
pseudoaneurysm, 119
Aortoiliac occlusive disease
endovascular graft repair, 380-386
arterial trauma, 385-386
endovascular grafts, 380
graft insertion, location of stent
deployment in bilateral iliac
disease, 380-381
operative technique, 381-384
results of endovascular grafting, 384
for treatment of vascular trauma,
historical developments in treatment of,
3-4
penis, operations for, 880-881
Aortoiliofemoral occlusive disease,
439-454
algorithm for intervention, 441-442
aortoenteric fistula, 448
clinical diagnosis, 440
coagulation complications, 446-447
complications, 446-450
cauda equina ischemia, 450
conservative treatment, 441
deterioration of prosthesis, 448
false aneurysm formation, 447
graft infection, 447
hemorrhage, 447-448
historical aspects, 439
local nonvascular complications,
448-449
lymphatic fistula, lymphocele, 448
myocardial infarction, 446
objective diagnosis, 440-441
arteriography, 441
direct pressure measurements, 441
noninvasive assessment, 440-441
pathophysiology, 439-440
acute obstruction, 440
chronic atherosclerosis, 439-440
hypoplastic aorta, 440
occlusive mid-aneurysmal disease,
percutaneous transluminal angioplasty,
pulmonary problems, 446
remote ischemic vascular complications,
449-450
renal problems, 446
results, 445-446
sexual dysfunction, 449
Sigmoid colon ischemia, 449
spinal cord, 450
stroke, 446
surgical treatment, 442-445
anatomical bypass grafts, 442-445
aortoiliac endarterectomy, 442
endovascular bypass, 445
extra-anatomical bypass grafts, 445
general principles of aortobifemoral
bypass, 443
juxtarenal occlusion, 445
laparoscopic aortobifemoral bypass,
multilevel occlusive disease, 444-445
technique of aortobifemoral bypass,
443-444
transfusion, 445
systemic complications, 446-447
trash foot, 449-450
unilateral limb occlusion, 448
ureteric obstruction, 449
Aortorenal bypass with autogenous vein,
development of procedure, 7
Arcuate ligament syndrome, 1182
Arizona hinshawii, aneurysm infection,
Arm lymphatics, 1038
Arrhythmias, perioperative cardiovascular
risk, 319
Arterial allografts, 612
Arterial diseases, clinical examination,
103-106
acute arterial occlusion, 105
atheroembolism, 105
peripheral arterial disease, 103-104
popliteal artery entrapment, 105
Raynaud’s phenomenon, 106
reflex sympathetic dystrophy, 105-106
thoracic outlet syndrome, 105
vasculitis, 104
Arterial dissection, 1188-1189
arterial incision, 1188-1189
suture closure of arteriotomy,
1188-1189
Arterial injury
lower extremity, 1089-1090
pediatric, iatrogenic, 1102-1103
upper extremity, 1088-1089
Arterial insufficiency, acute, 405-412
cerebral ischemia, 411
diagnosis, 406-408
etiology, 405
fibrinolytic therapy, complications of,
ischemia, signs of, 406
ischemic manifestations, evolution of,
410-411
laboratory assessment, 407
pathophysiology, 405-406
patient evaluation, 407
revascularization, complications of,
treatment, 408-410
embolectomy technique, 408
fasciotomy, 410
fibrinolytic therapy, 410
postoperative anticoagulation, 408
upper extremity ischemia, 411
visceral ischemia, 411
Arterial lacerations, iatrogenic,
1097-1098
Arterial malformations, 1167-1169
diagnostic evaluation, 1168
differential diagnosis, 1168
natural history, 1168
options for treatment, 1168-1169
outcome of management, 1169
signs, symptoms, 1168
Arterial obstructive lesions, circulatory
effects, 87-91
pressure-flow relationships
after exercise, 91
during exercise, 88-90
at rest, 88-89
Arterial occlusion, acute, clinical
examination, 105
Arterial physical exam, 106-108
Allen test, 108
aneurysms, 107-108
bruit, 107
examination of skin, 108-109
exercise testing, 108
leg elevation, 108
pulse, 106-107
thoracic outlet maneuvers, 109
Arterial portography, 177
Arterial rupture, iatrogenic, 1098
Arterial surgery, for abnormal blood flow,
93-95
Arterial thromboembolism
prophylaxis against, 291-292
therapy for, 291
Arterial thrombolysis, 299-300
Arterial trauma, endovascular grafts for,
Montefiore experience, 386
Arterioarterial atherothrombotic micro-
emboli, lower limb, 427-458
clinical diagnosis, 431-432
diagnostic investigations, 432-434
during fibrinolytic therapy, 435-437
incidence, 427-428
medical management, 435
sources of microemboli, 428-429
surgical management, 434-435
Arteriotomy, suture closure of, 1188-1189
Arteriovenous fistula, 95-97, 937-938
iatrogenic, 1098
noninvasive studies, pseudoaneurysm,
physiology of, 1145-1147
therapy, 96-97
Artery, lacerated, repair of, 1194
Artery wall nutrition, 35-36
Artery wall structure, 31-35
adventitia, 34-35
intima, 31-33
media, 33-34
Ascites, 1017
Aspirin, 290, 304-305, 332
administration, 304-305
dosage, 304-305
efficacy, 304-305
mechanism of action, 304
for prevention of thromboembolic
complications, 305
Assessment of outcomes, 221-226
application of, 225
disease, impact of, 221-222
disease-specific instruments, 224-225
EuroQol, 224
generic outcomes assessment tools,
223-224
generic quality of life instruments, 224
Medical Outcomes Study, 224
Nottingham Health Profile, 224
patient-based outcomes assessment
parameters, 222-223
Quality of Well-Being Scale, 224
Sickness Impact Profile, 224
Asymptomatic aneurysms, 654-655
Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Study, 7
Atherectomy, peripheral, 351-362
Auth Rotablator, 357-359
indications, 351
Atheroembolism, clinical examination,
Atherosclerosis
artery wall structure
adventitia, 34-35
intima, 31-33
media, 33-34
atherosclerotic lesion structure
fatty streaks, 37-39
fibrous plaques, 39-40
lesion complications, 40-41
carotid artery, intima-media thickness,
cellular modifications in
endothelium, 21-22
macrophage, 24-25
platelets, 25-26
smooth muscle, 22-24
disease process
complicated lesion, 16
experimental animals, studies in,
16-17
fatty streak, 15
fibrous plaque, 15-16
lesions, 15-16
plaque rupture, 16
endothelium
endothelial cell culture, 21-22
endothelial responses, 22
enlargement of arteries with, 42
epidemiology, 55-79
antioxidant vitamins, 68-69
cardiovascular death rates,
age-specific, 62
coronary artery disease, incidence, 62
fibrinogen level, risk of cardiovascular
disease by, 61
fish consumption, 66
[Atherosclerosis]
Framingham Study of Evolution
of Atherothrombotic Brain
Infarction, 58
gender, 55-56
ischemic heart disease death rates,
United States, 57
lipoprotein cholesterol levels, accord-
ing to alcohol consumption, 63
omega-3 fatty acids, 66
Pooling Project, 58
racial predisposition, 55-56
risk factors, 56-70
smoking, risk of cardiovascular
disease by, 59
thrombosis, 69-70
Veterans Administration Cooperative
Study Group on Antihypertensive
Agents, 58
Western Collaborative Group Study,
human angioplasty, 330
hypotheses of atherogenesis
lipids, 19
response-to-injury hypothesis, 17-19
risk factors, 19-21
medical management, 235-247,
249-272
anticoagulant therapy, 242
antioxidants, 240, 266
antiplatelet therapy, 242
aorta, 251-252
approach to treatment, 238
atherosclerotic plaque, 235-236
Bezafibrate Coronary Angiographic
Intervention Trial, 264
calcium channel blockers, 258-259
carotid artery, 251
Cholesterol-Lowering Atherosclerosis
Study, 253
complicated plaques, progression to,
controlled clinical trials, 252-261
coronary artery, 251-258
diabetes mellitus, 241
exercise, 241-242
fatty streaks, 236-237
femoral artery, 252
fibrous plaque, 237-238
folic acid supplementation, 242
gelatinous plaques, 237
gene therapy, 242-243
Heidelberg Study, 258
homocysteine supplementation, 242
hyperlipidemias, drug therapy for,
239-240
hypertension, 240-241
[Atherosclerosis]
infection, 242
International Nifedipine Trial on
Antiatherosclerotic Therapy, 259
LDL-Apheresis Atherosclerosis
Regression Study, 259
lesion arrest or regression, 238
Lifestyle Heart Trial, 258
Lipid Coronary Angiographic Trial,
Lipid-Lowering Antiatherosclerosis
Therapies Trial, 252
medical management, 238-239
Monitored Atherosclerosis Regression
Study, 256
Montreal Study, 259
Multivitamins and Probucol Trial,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood
Institute, Type II Coronary Inter-
vention Study, 252
plaque evolution, 236
Post Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
Trial, 260
Probucol Angioplasty Restenosis
Trial, 266
Program on Surgical Control of
Hyperlipidemias, 260
recent antiatherosclerosis interven-
tions, 261-266
renal artery, 251
smoking, 240
St. Thomas’ Atherosclerosis
Regression Study, 254
Stanford Coronary Risk Intervention
Project, 254
triglyceride-rich lipoproteins,
261-266
uncontrolled studies, 251-252
University of California, San
Francisco, Specialized Center of
Research, Intervention Trial, 254
viral infection, 242
pathophysiology, 15-29, 31-54
age-related changes in artery wall,
36-37
aneurysm formation, 45-47
aortic atherosclerosis, 45
artery wall nutrition, 35-36
artery wall structure, 31-35
atherosclerotic arteries, enlargement,
atherosclerotic lesion structure,
37-41
carotid bifurcation plaques, 44-45
cellular modifications in, 21-26
configuration of lesions, 41-42
[Atherosclerosis]
coronary artery atherosclerosis,
47-48
disease process, 15-17
future directions, 26-27
hypotheses of atherogenesis, 17-21
localization, atherosclerotic lesions,
42-44
quantitative evaluation, 48-49
superficial femoral artery stenosis,
platelets
other factors, 25-26
platelet-derived growth factor, 25
regression
in experimental animal models,
249-251
in humans, 251-261
risk factors, 56-57
alcohol consumption, incidence of
coronary heart disease, 63
behavior patterns, 68
diabetes, 20
diabetes mellitus, 66-67
hypercholesterolemia, 19-20
hyperhomocystinemia, 68
hyperlipidemia, 61-66
hypertension, 20, 57-58
male sex, 20, 57
obesity, 67-68
physical inactivity, 67-68
smoking, 20, 58-61
stress, 68
smooth muscle
lipid metabolism, 23-24
smooth-muscle proliferation, 22-23
surgical management, 259-261
uncontrolled studies
femoral artery, 251
popliteal artery, 251
Atherosclerotic lesion structure, 37-41
Atrophy of bones, acute, 1124
Auth Rotablator, 352, 357-359
Autogenous vein, aortorenal bypass with,
development of procedure, 7
Axillary artery, injury, 1088
Axillary vein thrombosis, 882-902
Axillobifemoral bypass, development of
procedure, 4
Axillofemoral bypass, 1250-1255
development of procedure, 4
Axillofemoral grafts, 532-534
results, 539
technique, 532-534
Axillopopliteal extraanatomic bypass,
536-538
Axillo-subclavian venous stenosis, 1008
Babcock, W.W., 8
Balloon catheter for embolectomy,
development of procedure, 4
Balloon-assisted stent placement,
development of procedure, 4
Balloons, 343-344
Barbiturate crystallization, 1112
Barbiturates, drug interactions, 289
Barnett, Henry, 7, 8
BECAIT (see Bezafibrate Coronary
Angiographic Intervention Trial)
Behavior patterns, atherosclerosis, 68
Behcet’s disease, 922-923
Below-knee amputation, 562-565
contraindications to, 563
Bergan, John, 5
Bernhard, Victor, 5
Beta-adrenergic blockers, 1020
Bezafibrate Coronary Angiographic
Intervention Trial, 264
Biological grafts, 612
Blaisdell, F. William, 4
Blakemore, Arther, 5
Bleeding esophageal varices, management
of, 1019
Blinding, clinical trial, 214
Blood flow, abnormal, hemodynamics,
81-101
aneurysms, 97-98
arterial obstructive lesions, circulatory
effects, 87-91
after exercise, 91
during exercise, 88-90
at rest, 88-89
arteriovenous fistulas, 95-97
therapy, 96-97
basic hemodynamics, 81-87
energy losses, 84-86
arterial stenoses, 86
flow pulses, 91-93
hemodynamic resistance, 86-87
kinetic energy, 82
potential energy, 81-82
pressure, 91-93
shear, effect on arterial wall, 97
therapy, 93-95
collateral dilation, 95
direct arterial surgery, 93-95
reducing viscosity, 95
sympathectomy, 95
vasodilators, 95
total fluid energy, 82-84
Bracco, as contrast agent, 170
Brachial artery, injury, 1088-1089
Brachiocephalic vascular injuries, 1071
Bridge fistulas, 1155-1156
Brucella, aneurysm infection, 674
Bruit, examination of, 107
Budd-Chiari syndrome, 1010-1011
Button bar on computer, 233
Bypass
aortofemoral, for occlusive disease,
1228-1239
axillofemoral, 1250-1255
femorofemoral, 1256-1259
femoropopliteal, 1240-1249
Calcium channel blockers, for athero-
sclerosis, 258-259
Calisthenics, metabolic equivalent level
for, 317
Campylobacter fetus, aneurysm infection,
Canadian Society for Vascular Surgery,
Capillary malformations, 1165
diagnostic evaluation, 1165
differential diagnosis, 1165
natural history, 1165
options for treatment, 1165
signs, symptoms, 1165
Cardiac procurement, for transplantation,
1173-1174
Cardiovascular death rates, age-specific, 62
Carnitine, 311
Carotid
extracranial, aneurysms, 803-809
atherosclerotic carotid aneurysms,
clinical presentation, 804-805
differential diagnosis, 807
effects of, 804
incidence, 803
investigation of, 805
pathology of, 803-804
reconstructive approach, 806-807
results of surgery, 808
simple ligation, 806
surgical anatomy, carotid arteries,
807-808
surgical treatment, 806-808
traumatic carotid artery aneurysms,
treatment, 805
occlusive disease, extracranial, 745-764
angiography, 751
asymptomatic stenosis, efficacy of
carotid endarterectomy, clinical
trials on, 757-758
carotid artery stenting, 760-761
carotid endarterectomy, description
of, 751-756
clinical presentation, 750-751
historical perspective, 747-748
[Carotid]
indications for, 758-760
pathogenesis, 748-750
randomized clinical trials, 756
symptomatic stenosis, efficacy of
carotid endarterectomy, clinical
trials, 756-757
ulcerative lesions, 729-736
angiography, 732-733
classification, 731-732
definitions, 730
historical development, 729-730
medical management, 733
natural history, 732
noninvasive testing, 733
pathophysiology, 730-731
presentation, 731
surgical management, 733-735
Carotid arteriography, vs. duplex imaging,
135-138
Carotid artery, 783-793
internal, spontaneous dissecting
hematoma, 788-791
intima-media thickness, 261
Carotid atherosclerosis, medical
management, 251
Carotid bifurcation plaques, 44-45
Carotid body tumors, 811-821
clinical presentation, 812-813
complications, 817-819
diagnostic considerations, 813-814
pathophysiology, 812
prognosis, 817
surgical technique, 816-817
therapeutic considerations, 814-816
Carotid endarterectomy, 1204-1209
external, 795-802
clinical presentation, operative
technique, 799-800
external carotid artery occlusion,
800-801
external carotid artery occlusion
prevention, 800-801
treatment, 801
Carotid infection, 673, 683
Carotid injuries, 1072-1074
diagnosis, 1073
evaluation, 1072-1073
operative management, 1073-1074
Carotid kink, 786-788
Carotid loop, 783-786
Carotid pathology, 711-727
carotid plaques, evolution of, 717-719
cerebral infarction, mechanism of,
715-717
endarterectomy, post-carotid, recurrent
stenosis, 719-722
[Carotid pathology]
population surveys, 714-715
postmortem, 714
symptomatic, versus asymptomatic
plaques, 715-717
Carotid stenoses, asymptomatic, first
surgical benefit documentation, 7
Carotid stenosis
Doppler quantitation, 129-132
first operation for, 8
Carotid surgery, cerebral protection during,
737-743
electroencephalography, 738-739
high-risk conditions, 737
intraoperative monitoring, 738
patient selection, 737
perioperative stroke, 737-738
regional anesthesia, 739-740
Carotid-cerebral angiography, 202-203
Carrea, Raul, 7, 8
Carrel, Alexis, 2
Catheter
angiographic, 171
pressure localization, arterial stenoses,
398-399
Causalgia, 1123-1132
diagnosis, 1126
etiology, 1125
pathophysiology, 1125-1130
signs, 1126-1127
stellate ganglion block technique,
1127-1128
sympathetic block, assessment of,
sympathetically maintained pain,
sympathetically independent pain,
1125-1126
terminology, 1124-1125
Causalgia-like states, 1124
Cavernosometry, cavernosal artery
occlusion pressure, penis, 880
Celiac aneurysms, 665
Celiac arteriography, 182
Cellular modifications in atherosclerosis,
21-26
endothelium, 21-22
endothelial cell culture, 21-22
endothelial responses, 22
macrophage, 24-25
platelets, 25-26
other factors, 25-26
platelet-derived growth factor, 25
smooth muscle, 22-24
lipid metabolism, 23-24
smooth-muscle proliferation, 22-23
Cellular response to injury, 327-328
endothelium, 327
[Cellular response to injury]
increased response of SMCs to mitogens,
inflammation, 328
medial SMC proliferation, 328
platelets, 327
proliferation of SMCs in intima, 328
SMC migration, 328
smooth-muscle cells, 327-328
Celsius, contribution of, 1
Cerebral angiography, development of
procedure, 7
Cerebral infarction, mechanism of,
715-717
Cerebral ischemia, 411
Cerebral protection during carotid artery
surgery, 737-743
electroencephalography, 738-739
high-risk conditions, 737
intraoperative monitoring, 738
patient selection, 737
perioperative stroke, 737-738
regional anesthesia, 739-740
Cerebrovascular disease (see also under
specific disorder)
historical developments in treatment of,
7-8
Cervical rib, 889
Chemical endarteritis, 1111-1112
Chlamydia pneumoniae, atherosclerosis
and, 242
Chloramphenicol, drug interactions, 289
Cholesterol
age-related changes in artery wall,
36-37
alcohol consumption and, 63
aneurysm formation, 45-47
anticoagulant therapy, 242
antioxidant vitamins, 68-69
antioxidants, 240, 266
antiplatelet therapy, 242
aorta, 251-252
aortic atherosclerosis, 45
approach to treatment, 238
artery wall nutrition, 35-36
artery wall structure, 31-35
adventitia, 34-35
intima, 31-33
media, 33-34
atherosclerotic arteries, enlargement, 42
atherosclerotic lesion structure, 37-41
fatty streaks, 37-39
fibrous plaques, 39-40
lesion complications, 40-41
atherosclerotic plaque, 235-236
Bezafibrate Coronary Angiographic
Intervention Trial, 264
[Cholesterol]
calcium channel blockers, 258-259
cardiovascular death rates, age-specific,
carotid artery, 251
intima-media thickness, 261
carotid bifurcation plaques, 44-45
cellular modifications in, 21-26
endothelium, 21-22
macrophage, 24-25
platelets, 25-26
smooth muscle, 22-24
Cholesterol-Lowering Atherosclerosis
Study, 253
complicated plaques, progression to, 238
configuration of lesions, 41-42
controlled clinical trials, 252-261
coronary artery, 251-258
coronary artery atherosclerosis, 47-48
coronary artery disease, incidence, 62
diabetes mellitus, 241
disease process, 15-17
complicated lesion, 16
experimental animals, studies in,
16-17
fatty streak, 15
fibrous plaque, 15-16
lesions, 15-16
plaque rupture, 16
endothelium
endothelial cell culture, 21-22
endothelial responses, 22
enlargement of arteries with, 42
epidemiology, 55-79
exercise, 241-242
fatty streaks, 236-237
femoral artery, 252
fibrinogen level, risk of cardiovascular
disease by, 61
fibrous plaque, 237-238
fish consumption, 66
folic acid supplementation, 242
Framingham Study of Evolution
of Atherothrombotic Brain
Infarction, 58
future directions, 26-27
gelatinous plaques, 237
gender, 55-56
gene therapy, 242-243
Heidelberg Study, 258
homocysteine supplementation, 242
human angioplasty, 330
hyperlipidemias, drug therapy for,
239-240
hypertension, 240-241
hypotheses of atherogenesis, 17-21
lipids, 19
[Cholesterol]
response-to-injury hypothesis, 17-19
risk factors, 19-21
infection, 242
International Nifedipine Trial on
Antiatherosclerotic Therapy, 259
ischemic heart disease death rates,
United States, 57
LDL-Apheresis Atherosclerosis
Regression Study, 259
lesion arrest or regression, 238
Lifestyle Heart Trial, 258
Lipid Coronary Angiographic Trial, 265
Lipid-Lowering Antiatherosclerosis
Therapies Trial, 252
lipoprotein cholesterol levels, according
to alcohol consumption, 63
localization, atherosclerotic lesions,
42-44
medical management, 235-272
Monitored Atherosclerosis Regression
Study, 256
Montreal Study, 259
Multivitamins and Probucol Trial, 266
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Insti-
tute, Type II Coronary Intervention
Study, 252
omega-3 fatty acids, 66
pathophysiology, 15-29
plaque evolution, 236
platelets
other factors, 25-26
platelet-derived growth factor, 25
Pooling Project, 58
Post Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Trial,
Probucol Angioplasty Restenosis Trial,
Program on Surgical Control of Hyper-
lipidemias, 260
quantitative evaluation, 48-49
racial predisposition, 55-56
recent antiatherosclerosis interventions,
261-266
regression
in experimental animal models,
249-251
in humans, 251-261
renal artery, 251
risk factors, 56-70
age, 56-57
alcohol consumption, incidence of
coronary heart disease, 63
behavior patterns, 68
diabetes, 20
diabetes mellitus, 66-67
hypercholesterolemia, 19-20
[Cholesterol]
hyperhomocystinemia, 68
hyperlipidemia, 61-66
hypertension, 20, 57-58
male sex, 20, 57
obesity, 67-68
physical inactivity, 67-68
smoking, 20, 58-61
stress, 68
smoking, 240
risk of cardiovascular disease by, 59
smooth muscle
lipid metabolism, 23-24
smooth-muscle proliferation, 22-23
St. Thomas’ Atherosclerosis Regression
Study, 254
Stanford Coronary Risk Intervention
Project, 254
superficial femoral artery stenosis, 47
surgical management, 259-261
thrombosis, 69-70
triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, 261-266
uncontrolled studies, 251-252
femoral artery, 251
popliteal artery, 251
University of California, San Francisco,
Specialized Center of Research,
Intervention Trial, 254
Veterans Administration Cooperative
Study Group on Antihypertensive
Agents, 58
viral infection, 242
Western Collaborative Group Study, 58
Cholesterol-Lowering Atherosclerosis
Study, 253
Cholestyramine, 64
drug interactions, 289
Chronic compartment syndrome,
1137-1138
Chronic pulmonary hypertension, 975
Chronic venous insufficiency, 937-947,
979-990
acquired venous disease, 982
primary, 982
secondary, 982
anatomic distribution, influence of,
986-988
arteriovenous fistula theory, 937-938
classification, 980-981
clinical examination, 110
clinical manifestations of, 154-155
congenital, 981
congenital disease, 982
cytokine regulation, tissue fibrosis,
942-943
deep veins, 988
dermal fibroblast function, 943-944
[Chronic venous insufficiency]
diffusion block theory, 938
etiologies, 981
historical theories, 937
leukocyte activation, 938-939
macroscopic alterations, 945
matrix metalloproteinases, inhibitors in
venous ulcer healing, 944-945
natural history, application, 988-989
natural history of development of,
982-986
perforator disease, 986-987
primary disease, 982-984
secondary disease, 984-986
segmental disease, patterns of, 988
segmental distribution, effect of, 986
stasis dermatitis, dermal fibrosis, patho-
physiology of, 941-944
superficial veins, 986
ulceration, 989
venous microcirculation, 939-941
endothelial cell characteristics, 940
extracellular matrix alterations, 941
types, distribution of leukocytes,
940-941
venous stasis theory, 937
Chronic visceral ischemia, 861-875
anatomic considerations, 861
clinical presentation, 861-862
nonoperative therapy, 869-870
pathophysiology, 862-863
recurrent visceral ischemia, 870-873
revascularization options, 863-869
autogenous antegrade bypass,
864-865
bypass, 864-867
endarterectomy, 867-869
prosthetic antegrade bypass, 865-867
reimplantation, 863-867
retrograde bypass, 864
Cigarette smoking (see Smoking)
Cilazapril, 332
Cilostazol, 309-310
clinical use, 309-310
mechanism, 309
Cine loop playback, digital fluoroscopy,
Cirrhotics with portal hypertension, aortic
surgery, 1030-1031
Citrobacter, aneurysm infection, 674
CLAS (see Cholesterol-Lowering
Atherosclerosis Study)
Clinical examination, 103-106
vascular system, 103-112
acute arterial occlusion, 105
Allen test, 108
aneurysms, 107-108
[Clinical examination]
arterial diseases, 103-106
arterial physical exam, 106-108
atheroembolism, 105
bruit, 107
chronic venous insufficiency, 110
deep vein thrombosis, 110-114
examination of skin, 108-109
exercise testing, 108
history, 110-112
leg elevation, 108
lymphangitis, 112
lymphatic disease, 111-112
lymphedema, 111-112
peripheral arterial disease, 103-104
physical exam, 111
physical examination, 112
popliteal artery entrapment, 105
pulse, 106-107
Raynaud’s phenomenon, 106
reflex sympathetic dystrophy,
105-106
superficial vein thrombosis, 110
thoracic outlet maneuvers, 109
thoracic outlet syndrome, 105
thrombosis, 110-111
varicose veins, 110, 111
vasculitis, 104
venous insufficiency, 111
venous system examination, 109-111
Clinical trial
costs, 216-217
design, 211-220
blinding, 214
patient selection, 213
presentation of results, 215-216
randomization, 214
statistical design, 214-215
therapeutic regimens, 213-214
economic analysis, 217-218
ethics, 216
future trends, 218
limitations, 216-217
types of clinical trials, 211-212
Clofibrate, 64
drug interactions, 289
Coagulation mechanism, anticoagulants,
Cocaine abuse, vascular complications
related to, 1113
Colestipol, 64
Colitis, fulminating universal, 857
Collateral dilation, abnormal blood flow,
Colon carcinoma
colitis associated with, 857
lesions mimicking, 857
Colonic ischemia, 852-854
associated with colon carcinoma, 857
causes of, 854
clinical presentation, 853-854
complicating abdominal aortic surgery,
856-857
diagnosis, 854-857
fulminating universal colitis, 857
general principles of management, 855
historical background, 852
irreversible lesions, management of, 856
ischemic strictures, management of, 856
lesions mimicking colon carcinoma, 857
manifestations of, management of late,
pathophysiology of, 853
reversible lesions, management of,
855-856
Colonized aneurysms, 676
Color flow imaging, duplex scanning,
venous reflux detection, 164
Colorectal tumors, 636-637
Color-encoded technology, for noninvasive
study of peripheral vascular
disease, 114-115
Color-flow duplex imaging, 134-135
Common carotid artery, intrathoracic left,
penetrating wounds of, 1052-1053
Communications on computer, 229
Compartment syndrome, 1133-1144
abdominal compartment syndrome, 1142
chronic compartment syndrome,
1137-1138
diagnosis, 1134-1136
catheter systems, 1136
measuring, monitoring techniques,
1135-1136
physical examination, 1134-1135
supplemental studies, 1136
etiology, 1134
historical considerations, 1133
of lower extremity, 1138-1140
anatomy, 1138
fasciotomy techniques-foot,
1139-1140
fasciotomy techniques-leg,
1138-1139
pathophysiology, 1133-1134
compartmental pressure, 1134
microcirculation, 1133-1134
treatment, 1136-1137
adjunctive therapy, 1137
fasciotomy, 1137
of upper extremity, 1140-1141
anatomy, 1140
fasciotomy techniques-arm,
1140-1141
Completion arteriography, 396-398
Complex regional pain syndromes,
1123-1132
diagnosis, 1126
etiology, 1125
lumbar sympathetic block techniques,
differential diagnosis, 1128-1129
treatment, 1129-1130
pathophysiology, 1125-1130
signs, 1126-1127
stellate ganglion block technique,
1127-1128
sympathectomy, results of, 1130
sympathetic block, assessment of, 1127
sympathetically maintained pain,
sympathetically independent pain,
1125-1126
terminology, 1124-1125
Complex-combined malformations, 1169
Complicated plaques, progression to, 238
Computers, 227-234
affiliated vascular societies, with linked
pages, 232
American Venous Forum, 232
applications, 228-229
communications, 229
database management, 228
spreadsheets, 229
wordprocessing, 228
button bar, 233
Canadian Society for Vascular Surgery,
Eastern Vascular Society, 232
future enhancements, 233
Internet, 229-234
Joint Council of Society for Vascular
Surgery, 231
Medline, 231
Midwestern Vascular Surgical Society,
New England Society for Vascular
Surgery, 232
North American Chapter of International
Society for Cardiovascular Surgery,
overview, 227-228
Peripheral Vascular Surgery Society,
power bar, 232-233
searching for data, 231
searching medical literature, 233-234
Society for Clinical Vascular Surgery,
Southern Association for Vascular Sur-
gery, 232
Vascular Home Page, 231-232
[Computers]
vascular societies’ administrative office,
communicating with, 230-231
Western Vascular Society, 232
Conduction disturbances, 319
Congenital vascular malformation,
noninvasive diagnosis, 165
Congestive heart failure
from arteriovenous fistulas, 1158
perioperative cardiovascular risk, 318
Conray-60, as contrast agent, 170
Contrast agents, angiography, 169-171
Cook, Inc., Zenith, development of, 366
Cooley, Denton, 5, 8
Cooper, Ashley, 1, 6
Cooperative Study of Renovascular
Hypertension, 6
Coronary artery atherosclerosis, 47-48
medical management, 251-258
Coronary artery disease, incidence, 62
Costs, of clinical trial, 216-217
Crafoord, Clarence, 2, 3
Crawford, E. Stanley, 6, 7, 8
Cycling, metabolic equivalent level for,
Dardik, Herbert, 5
Dark Ages, medical treatments during, 1
Database management on computer, 228
Davis, J.B., 8
DeBakey, Michael, 5, 6, 7, 8
Deep femoral artery surgery, 545-553
anatomy, 545
angiographic techniques, 547
distribution of disease, 546-547
indications for, 547-549
to lower amputation level, 553
operative technique, 549-551
results, 551-552
Deep vein thrombosis, 929-935, 963-978
abdominal vein thrombosis, 970
anticoagulation, 967
chronic, pulmonary hypertension, 975
clinical examination, 110-114
clinical resolution of thrombosis, 932
diagnosis, 965-966
fibrin, assay of, 966
impedance plethysmography,
965-966
radioactive-labeled fibrinogen, 966
ultrasound, 965
venography, 966
effect of treatment, 932-933
fibrinolysis, 967-968
future therapeutic possibilities, 933
history, 929
from intravenous drug injection, 1108
[Deep vein thrombosis]
pathogenesis, 929-930
changes in vessel wall, 930
hypercoagulability of blood, 930
stasis, 930
pathophysiology, 963-964
postthrombotic limb, 932
prophylaxis, 966-967
pulmonary thromboembolism,
970-975
arterial blood gases, 971
central venous pressure, 971
chest radiography, 971
diagnosis, 970-972
electrocardiography, 971
lung scan, 971-972
management, 973-974
overview, 970
pathophysiology, 972-973
pulmonary arteriography, 972
pulmonary embolectomy, 974-975
subclavian vein thrombosis, 970
surgical approaches, 968-969
operative thrombectomy, 968
vena cava interruption, 968-969
thrombophlebitis migrans, 970
thrombus resolution, 930-931
monocyte in thrombus resolution,
organization, natural lysis, 930-931
recanalization, 931
treatment, 967-969
Dermal fibrosis, stasis dermatitis, patho-
physiology of, 941-944
Descending thoracic aorta, blunt rupture of,
1057-1058
Design of clinical trial, 211-220
costs, 216-217
economic analysis, 217-218
ethics, 216
future trends, 218
limitations, 216-217
trial design, 212-216
blinding, 214
patient selection, 213
presentation of results, 215-216
randomization, 214
statistical design, 214-215
therapeutic regimens, 213-214
types of clinical trials, 211-212
Desmodus rotundus, plasminogen
activator, 299
Deterioration of prosthesis, with aortoilio-
femoral occlusive disease, 448
Devascularization, 1026
DeWeese, Marion S., 6, 7, 8, 9
Dexamethasone, 332
Diabetes
amputation, 555-556
atherosclerosis, 241
peripheral vascular disease, 601-610
infection, 603-604
ischemia, 604-608
lower extremity arterial disease,
603-608
neuropathy, 603
pathophysiology, 601-602
as risk factor for atherosclerosis, 66-67
Diazoxide, drug interactions, 289
Digital fluoroscopy, 395-396
basic principles, 395
cine loop playback, 396
magnification, 396
roadmapping, 396
subtraction, 395-396
Digital gangrene, patient presentation,
907-908
Digital ischemia, 912
Digital plethysmography, for amputation,
Diltiazem, 332
Dipyridamole, 332
Direct arterial surgery, for abnormal blood
flow, 93-95
Direct thrombin inhibitors, 289-290
pharmacokinetics of hirudin, 290
physical properties, 289-290
Disease process, atherosclerosis, 15-17
experimental animals, studies in, 16-17
lesions, 15-16
complicated lesion, 16
fatty streak, 15
fibrous plaque, 15-16
plaque rupture, 16
Disease-specific instruments, 224-225
Dissecting aneurysm, angiography,
173-174
Disuse phenomenon, 1124
dos Santos
Joao Cid, 2, 5
Raynaldo, 3
Dotter, Charles, 4
Dressing, metabolic equivalent level for,
Drug abuse, vascular complications from,
1107-1121
arterial infections, 1113-1115
arterial injury, extremity gangrene,
1111-1113
barbiturate crystallization, 1112
chemical endarteritis, 1111-1112
particulate embolization, 1112
pathophysiology, 1111-1113
vasoconstriction, 1111
[Drug abuse, vascular complications from]
cocaine abuse, vascular complications
related to, 1113
ergot derivatives, pharmacologic
properties of, 1115
ergotism, 1115-1117
intravenous drug injection, 1108-1111
angiothrombotic pulmonary hyper-
tension, 1110-1111
deep venous thrombosis, 1108
infected venous pseudoaneurysms,
1109-1110
septic thrombophlebitis, 1108-1109
superficial venous thrombosis, “puffy
hand,” 1108
management, 1113
vasculitis, related to drug abuse, 1115
D-thyroxines, drug interactions, 289
Dubost, Charles, 5, 6
Dunphy, J. Englebert, 3, 7
Duplex imaging
clinical applications, 132-134
color flow imaging, venous reflux
detection, 164
in ultrasonography, 127-129
for venous disease diagnosis, 162-163
vs. carotid arteriography, 135-138
Dystrophy, posttraumatic, 1124
Dysvascular patient, amputation in,
555-573
above-knee amputation, 566-567
for acute ischemia, 555-556
at ankle, 561-562
below-knee, 562-565
contraindications to, 563
complications, 569-570
in diabetic patient, 555-556
digital plethysmography, 559
hip disarticulation, 567
incidence, 555
indications for, 555
laser Doppler flowmetry, 559
level of, 558-560
nuclear magnetic resonance spec-
troscopy, 559
photoplethysmography, 559
postoperative care, 567-568
preoperative management, 556-557
previous reconstructive surgery, effect
on amputation level, 558
prosthesis fitting, 568
segmental blood pressure, 559
skin perfusion pressures, 559
skin temperature measurement, 559
surgery, 557-558
surgical techniques, 560-567
through-knee amputation, 565-566
[Dysvascular patient, amputation in]
of toe, 560-561
ray amputation of toe, 561
transphalangeal level, 560
transmetatarsal amputation of forefoot,
Eascott, Felix, 7
Eastern Vascular Society, 232
Economic analysis, of clinical trial,
217-218
Edema, traumatic, 1124
Edwardsiella, aneurysm infection, 674
Embolectomy, balloon catheter for,
development of procedure, 4
Embolic arterial occlusions, lower
extremity, historical developments
in treatment of, 5
Enalapril, 332
Encephalopathy, 1017
Endarterectomized superficial femoral
artery, femorofemoral bypass with,
development of procedure, 4
Endarterectomy
carotid, 1204-1209
external carotid, 795-802
case reports, 798-799
clinical presentation, 796-800
collaterals, anatomy of, 796
external carotid artery occlusion,
800-801
hemodynamics, 796
internal carotid artery occlusion,
795-796
natural history, 795-796
occlusion prevention, 800-801
occlusion treatment, 801
operative technique, 799-800
results of operative series, 796-797
post-carotid, recurrent stenosis,
719-722
restinosis after, 331-332
patency after, 332
Endograft exclusion of traumatic arterial
disruptions, pseudoaneurysms,
development of procedure, 4
Endoscopic variceal sclerosis, 1020
Endothelial cell
culture, 21-22
seeding, 615-616
Endothelium, in atherosclerosis, 21-22
endothelial cell culture, 21-22
endothelial responses, 22
Endovascular bypass, 445
Endovascular graft, 363-394
abdominal aortic aneurysms, 364-371
anatomic selection criteria, 371-374
[Endovascular graft]
Ancure Guidant EVT, 365-366
aneurysm size, patient selection based
on, 374-375
bifurcated modular graft, deployment
technique of, 369-371
construction, 364-365
endoleaks, 379-380
equipment for endovascular grafting,
Excluder, 366
fully supported vs. partially supported
grafts, 365
high-risk patients, 374
Montefiore Endovascular Graft
System, 366-367
operating room, basic setup of, 367
patient selection, 371
preoperative imaging, 371
self-expanding vs. balloon-expand-
able stents, 364-365
single components vs. multiple
component, 365
Talent Endovascular Bifurcated
Spring Graft, 366
technical considerations, 367-368
Vanguard Endovascular Aortic Graft
and AneuRx Graft, 366
vascular access, techniques to obtain,
368-369
Zenith, 366
for arterial trauma, Montefiore
experience, 386
history of, 363-364
Endovascular graft repair, aortoiliac
occlusive disease, 380-386
arterial trauma, 385-386
endovascular grafts, 380
graft insertion, location of stent
deployment in bilateral iliac
disease, 380-381
operative technique, 381-384
results of endovascular grafting, 384
for treatment of vascular trauma, 384
Endovascular infection, 676
Endovascular surgical training, 341-342
Endovascular technology, future of,
347-348
Endovascular therapies for arterial disease,
historical developments in
treatment of, 4
End-to-end vascular anastomosis,
1190-1191
End-to-side vascular anastomosis,
1192-1193
Energy losses, in hemodynamics, 84-86
arterial stenoses, 86
Enlargement, atherosclerotic arteries, 42
Enterobacter, aneurysm infection, 674
Enterococcus, aneurysm infection, 674
Epidemiology, atherosclerosis, 55-79
antioxidant vitamins, 68-69
cardiovascular death rates, age-specific,
coronary artery disease, incidence, 62
fibrinogen level, risk of cardiovascular
disease by, 61
fish consumption, 66
Framingham Study of Evolution of
Atherothrombotic Brain Infarction,
ischemic heart disease death rates,
United States, 57
lipoprotein cholesterol levels
according to alcohol consumption, 63
alcohol consumption and, 63
omega-3 fatty acids, 66
Pooling Project, 58
racial predisposition, 55-56
risk factors, 56-70
age, 56-57
alcohol consumption, incidence of
coronary heart disease, 63
behavior patterns, 68
diabetes mellitus, 66-67
hyperhomocystinemia, 68
hyperlipidemia, 61-66
hypertension, 57-58
male sex, 57
obesity, 67-68
physical inactivity, 67-68
smoking, 58-61
stress, 68
sexual predisposition, 55-56
smoking, risk of cardiovascular disease
by, 59
thrombosis, 69-70
Veterans Administration Cooperative
Study Group on Antihypertensive
Agents, 58
Western Collaborative Group Study, 58
Equipment, 343-345
Erection, physiology of, 877
Ergot derivatives, pharmacologic
properties of, 1115
Ergotism, 1115-1117
Escheria coli, aneurysm infection, 674
Esophageal, gastric transection,
1025-1026
Esophageal varices, 1016-1017
bleeding, management of, 1019
Estrogens, 64
Ethacrynic acid, drug interactions, 289
Ethanol, drug interactions, 289
Ethics, in clinical trials, 216
EuroQol, 224
Evolution of vascular surgery, 1-14
antiquity to end of nineteenth century,
1-2
aortic aneurysms, 6
aortic occlusive disease, 3
cerebrovascular disease recognition, 7
cerebrovascular disease surgical
treatment, 8
early twentieth century, 2-3
early twenty-first century, gene
therapy, 9
endovascular therapies for arterial
disease, 4
femoral arterial occlusive disease, 5
femoral artery aneurysm, 6
last fifty years of twentieth century, 3-9
aortic aneurysms, 5-6
aortoiliac arteriosclerotic occlusive
disease, 3-4
cerebrovascular disease, 7-8
embolic arterial occlusions, lower
extremity, 5
infrainguinal arteriosclerotic
occlusive disease, 4-5
renal artery occlusive disease, 6
splanchnic artery occlusive disease,
6-7
venous disease, 8-9
nonanatomic revascularization of lower
extremities, 4
popliteal arterial occlusive disease, 5
popliteal artery aneurysm, 6
renal artery disease, 7
splanchnic artery disease, 7
tibial arterial occlusive disease, 5
venous disease, 8
Examination of vascular system, 103-112
arterial diseases, 103-106
acute arterial occlusion, 105
atheroembolism, 105
peripheral arterial disease, 103-104
popliteal artery entrapment, 105
Raynaud’s phenomenon, 106
reflex sympathetic dystrophy,
105-106
thoracic outlet syndrome, 105
vasculitis, 104
arterial physical exam, 106-108
Allen test, 108
aneurysms, 107-108
bruit, 107
examination of skin, 108-109
exercise testing, 108
leg elevation, 108
pulse, 106-107
[Examination of vascular system]
thoracic outlet maneuvers, 109
lymphatic disease, 111-112
history, 111-112
lymphangitis, 112
lymphedema, 111-112
physical examination, 112
physical exam, 111
thrombosis, 111
varicose veins, 111
venous insufficiency, 111
venous system examination, 109-111
chronic venous insufficiency, 110
deep vein thrombosis, 110-114
history, 110
superficial vein thrombosis, 110
thrombosis, 110-111
varicose veins, 110
Exercise, atherosclerosis and, 241-242
Exercise testing, 108
Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene,
614-615
Extended profundoplasty, development of
procedure, 5
External carotid endarterectomy, 795-802
clinical presentation, 796-800
case reports, 798-799
operative technique, 799-800
results of operative series, 796-797
external carotid artery occlusion,
800-801
background data, 800
prevention, 800-801
treatment, 801
internal carotid artery occlusion,
795-796
anatomy of collaterals, 796
hemodynamics, 796
natural history, 795-796
Extraanatomic bypass, 527-543
axillofemoral grafts, 532-534
results, 539
technique, 532-534
axillopopliteal extraanatomic bypass,
536-538
femorofemoral grafts, 528-532
results, 530-532
technique, 529-530
graft materials, 528
hemodynamic consideration, 520
indications for, 527
obturator foramen bypass grafts, 536
technique, 536
thoracic aorta to femoral artery bypass,
534-536
Extra-anatomical bypass grafts, 445
Extracellular matrix, 329
Extracranial carotid artery aneurysms,
803-809
clinical presentation, 804-805
differential diagnosis, 807
effects of, 804
incidence, 803
investigation of, 805
pathology of, 803-804
atherosclerotic carotid aneurysms,
traumatic carotid artery aneurysms,
reconstructive approach, 806-807
results of surgery, 808
simple ligation, 806
surgical anatomy, carotid arteries,
807-808
surgical treatment, 806-808
treatment, 805
Extracranial carotid artery bifurcation,
arteriosclerosis of, 7
Extracranial carotid artery occlusive
disease, 745-764
angiography, 751
asymptomatic stenosis, efficacy of
carotid endarterectomy, clinical
trials on, 757-758
carotid artery stenting, 760-761
carotid endarterectomy, description of,
751-756
clinical presentation, 750-751
historical perspective, 747-748
indications for, 758-760
pathogenesis, 748-750
randomized clinical trials, 756
symptomatic stenosis, efficacy of carotid
endarterectomy, clinical trials,
756-757
Extracranial vascular disease, sympto-
matic, 695-710
anticoagulant therapy, 700-701
antithrombotic therapy, evaluation of,
700-706
completed, 699-700
platelet antiaggregant drugs, clinical
trials of, 705-706
platelet-suppressant therapy, 704-705
progressing stroke, 699
thrombolytic therapy, 701-704
transient ischemic attacks, 695-699
atheromatous material, 698
hemodynamic pathogenesis, 698-699
natural history, 699
platelet-fibrin emboli, 698
thromboembolic pathogenesis, 698
Extracranial-intercranial arterial bypass,
development of procedure, 8
Extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass,
development of procedure, 8
Extrahepatic presinusoidal portal
hypertension, 1015-1016
Extremity, vascular injuries, 1081-1093
diagnostic considerations, 1082-1084
endovascular treatment, 1086-1087
pathophysiology, 1081-1082
surgical considerations, 1084-1086
Extremity gangrene, from drug use,
1111-1113
barbiturate crystallization, 1112
chemical endarteritis, 1111-1112
particulate embolization, 1112
pathophysiology, 1111-1113
vasoconstriction, 1111
False aneurysm formation, with aortoilio-
femoral occlusive disease, 447
Fasciotomy, 410
compartment syndrome, 1137
Fatty streak, 15, 37-39, 236-237
Femoral aneurysm ligation, development
of procedure, 6
Femoral artery
aneurysm, historical developments in
treatment of, 6
atherosclerosis, medical management,
251, 252
injury, 1089-1090
lacerated, repair of, 1196-1197
occlusive disease, historical develop-
ments in treatment of, 5
stenosis, superficial, 47
superficial, injury, 1090
Femoral endarterectomy, development of
procedure, 5
Femoral popliteal bypass, reversed
autogenous saphenous vein,
development of procedure, 5
Femoral vein ligation, development of
procedure, 8
Femoral-popliteal-tibial occlusive disease,
455-484
aggressive approaches to limb salvage,
amputation level, 477
angiographic evaluation, 459-460
arteriographic outflow characteristics,
cost-benefit ratio, 477-478
differential diagnosis, 457-458
durability of angioplasty, 475
economic impact of limb salvage, 478
femoral-popliteal-tibial occlusive
disease, clinical presentation,
455-458
[Femoral-popliteal-tibial occlusive disease]
limb salvage, 474-475
immediate limb salvage, 474
late limb salvage, 474-475
lytic agents, 476-477
medical considerations, 460
new developments, 478-480
in diagnostic techniques, 479
in endovascular devices, 479
intraoperative adjunctive techniques,
for lower extremity vein bypasses,
479-480
in tibial, pedal bypasses, 479
newer interventional treatments, 457
operative mortality, 473-474
patency, arterial reconstructive
operations, 475
patient evaluation, 458-460
physical examination of extremity,
458-459
noninvasive vascular laboratory tests,
pulse examination, 458-459
systemic factors, 459
reoperations, 476
results, 468-477
staging, 456-457
surgical considerations, 460-462
axillopopliteal bypass, 461
femoropopliteal bypass, 460
graft material, 461-462
infrapopliteal bypass, 460-461
profundoplasty, 461
in situ vs. reversed saphenous vein
grafts, 462
treatment, 460-469
upper extremity veins, 462-463
angioplasty, 467
bypasses to ankle, foot arteries,
463-464
drug treatment, 464
failing graft, 466-467
foot lesions, 464
operative technique, 462-463
reoperation, 465-466
Femoral-tibial bypass with vein, develop-
ment of procedure, 5
Femorofemoral bypass, 1256-1259
development of procedure, 4
with endarterectomized superficial
femoral artery, development of
procedure, 4
Femorofemoral grafts, 528-532
results, 530-532
technique, 529-530
Femoropopliteal bypass, 1240-1249
Femoropopliteal occlusive disease,
aortoiliac, combined, 495-511
Fibrinogen level, risk of cardiovascular
disease by, 61
Fibrinolysis, 297-298
complications of, 410
deep vein thrombosis, 967-968
Fibrinolytic system defects, 276-277
clinical presentation, 276-277
methods of testing, 277
Fibrolase, 299
Fibromuscular dysplasia, 923-926
Fibrosis, posttraumatic, 1124
Fibrous plaque, 15-16, 39-40, 237-238
Fields, William, 7, 8
Fish consumption, atherosclerosis and, 66
Fish oils (see Omega-3 fatty acids)
Fisher, Miller, 7
Flow pulses, hemodynamics, 91-93
Fluoroscopically assisted thrombo-
embolectomy, 399-400
Fogarty, Thomas, 4, 5
Folic acid supplementation, athero-
sclerosis, 242
Forefoot, transmetatarsal amputation of,
Framingham Study of Evolution of
Atherothrombotic Brain
Infarction, 58
Freeman, Norman, 3, 4, 6, 7
Fungal infection, 676
Galbraith, G., 8
Galen, contribution of, 1
Gallbladder disease, 637
Gangrene
digital, patient presentation, 907-908
extremity, from drug use, 1111-1113
barbiturate crystallization, 1112
chemical endarteritis, 1111-1112
particulate embolization, 1112
pathophysiology, 1111-1113
vasoconstriction, 1111
Gardening, metabolic equivalent level for,
Gastroduodenal, pancreaticoduodenal
aneurysms, 665
Gastroepiploic aneurysms, 665-666
Gastroesophageal devascularization,
Gastrointestinal bleeding, angiography,
185-187
Gelatinous plaques, 237
Gemfibrozil, 64
Gender, atherosclerosis, 55-57
Gene therapy, 9
atherosclerosis, 242-243
Generic outcomes assessment tools,
223-224
Generic quality of life instruments, 224
Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, 290,
305-306
Goldblatt, Harry, 2, 7
Golf, metabolic equivalent level for, 317
Gore, W.L. and Associates, Excluder,
Goyanes, Jose, 2, 6
Graft infection
with aortoiliofemoral occlusive disease,
prosthetic, 621-629
aortic, aortoiliac bypass grafts,
624-625
aortobifemoral bypass grafts,
625-626
diagnosis, 623
endoscopy, 624
imaging studies, 623-624
incidence, 621
laboratory studies, 623
management, 624
microbiology, 622-623
pathogenesis, 621-622
peripheral bypass graft infections,
physical examination, 623
Greenfield, Lazar J., 8, 9
Griseofulvin, drug interactions, 289
Gross, Robert, 2, 3
Grove, W.J., 8
Gruntzig, Andreas, 4, 6, 7
Guida, P.M., 4
Guidewires, 343
Guthrie, Charles C., 2
Haemophilus, aneurysm infection, 674
Hall, Karl, 5
Hauer, G., 8
Heidelberg Study, 258
Hemangiomas, 1163-1164
clinical characteristics, 1163
diagnosis, 1163
treatment, 1163-1164
corticosteroids, 1163
cryotherapy, 1164
embolization, 1164
excision, 1164
interferon-alpha, 1163-1164
laser therapy, 1164
ligation of feeder vessels, 1164
radiation therapy, 1164
Hemodialysis patients, venous stenosis in,
1008-1010
Hemodynamic resistance, 86-87
Hemodynamics
abnormal blood flow, 81-101
aneurysms, 97-98
arterial obstructive lesions, circulatory
effects, 87-91
arteriovenous fistulas, 95-97
basic hemodynamics, 81-87
collateral dilation, 95
direct arterial surgery, 93-95
energy losses, 84-86
flow pulses, 91-93
hemodynamic resistance, 86-87
kinetic energy, 82
potential energy, 81-82
pressure, 91-93
reducing viscosity, 95
shear, effect on arterial wall, 97
sympathectomy, 95
therapy, 93-95
total fluid energy, 82-84
vasodilators, 95
distal splenorenal shunt, 1023-1024
Hemorrhage, with aortoiliofemoral
occlusive disease, 447-448
Heparin, 286-287, 332-333
complications of, 293
lowmolecular weight heparins, 286-287
mode of action, 286-287
physical properties, 286-287
unfractionated heparins, 286-287
Heparin-induced thrombosis, 278-280
clinical presentation, 279
diagnosis, 279
treatment, 279-280
Heparin-like agents, 286-287
Hepatic artery, infected aneurysm, 682
Hepatic artery aneurysm, 661-662
clinical presentation, 661
investigations, 661-662
operations, 662
Hepatic artery pseudoaneurysms, 1183
Hepatic artery stenosis, 1182-1183
Hepatic artery thrombosis, 1182
Hepatic tumors, angiography, 185
Hepatic venography, 179-182
Hexabrix, as contrast agent, 170
Hills, climbing, metabolic equivalent level
for, 317
Hindgut, pelvic perfusion, maintenance of,
Hip disarticulation, 567
Hippocrates, contribution of, 1
Hirudin, 332
pharmacokinetics of, 290
History of vascular surgery
antiquity to end of nineteenth century,
1-2
[History of vascular surgery]
aortic aneurysms, 6
aortic occlusive disease, 3
cerebrovascular disease recognition, 7
cerebrovascular disease surgical
treatment, 8
early twentieth century, 2-3
early twenty-first century, gene therapy,
endovascular therapies for arterial
disease, 4
femoral arterial occlusive disease, 5
femoral artery aneurysm, 6
last fifty years of twentieth century, 3-9
aortic aneurysms, 5-6
aortoiliac arteriosclerotic occlusive
disease, 3-4
cerebrovascular disease, 7-8
embolic arterial occlusions, lower
extremity, 5
infrainguinal arteriosclerotic
occlusive disease, 4-5
renal artery occlusive disease, 6
splanchnic artery occlusive disease,
6-7
venous disease, 8-9
nonanatomic revascularization of lower
extremities, 4
popliteal arterial occlusive disease, 5
popliteal artery aneurysm, 6
renal artery disease, 7
splanchnic artery disease, 7
tibial arterial occlusive disease, 5
venous disease, 8
Hobson, Robert, 7, 8
Holden, William, 2
Homans, John, 3, 8
Homans’ minor causalgia, 1124
Homocysteine supplementation,
atherosclerosis, 242
Homograft replacement
abdominal aortic aneurysm,
development of procedure, 6
thoracic aortic aneurysm, development
of procedure, 6
thrombosed aortic bifurcation,
development of procedure, 3
Horseshoe kidney, 636
Howell, W.H., 3
Human umbilical cord vein allograft,
Hunter, John, 1
Husni, E.A., 8
Hypaque, as contrast agent, 170
Hypercoagulability
clinical presentation, 274
guidelines for identifying, 273-274
Hyperhomocystinemia, as risk factor for
atherosclerosis, 68
Hyperlipidemia
artery wall structure
adventitia, 34-35
intima, 31-33
media, 33-34
atherosclerotic lesion structure
fatty streaks, 37-39
fibrous plaques, 39-40
lesion complications, 40-41
carotid artery, intima-media thickness,
cellular modifications in
endothelial cell culture, 21-22
endothelial responses, 22
endothelium, 21-22
lipid metabolism, 23-24
macrophage, 24-25
platelet-derived growth factor, 25
platelets, 25-26
smooth muscle, 22-24
smooth-muscle proliferation, 22-23
disease process
experimental animals, studies in,
16-17
fatty streak, 15
fibrous plaque, 15-16
lesions, 15-16
plaque rupture, 16
drug therapy for, 239-240
enlargement of arteries with, 42
epidemiology, 55-79
antioxidant vitamins, 68-69
cardiovascular death rates,
age-specific, 62
coronary artery disease, incidence,
fibrinogen level, risk of cardiovascular
disease by, 61
fish consumption, 66
Framingham Study of Evolution of
Atherothrombotic Brain Infarction,
gender, 55-56
ischemic heart disease death rates,
United States, 57
lipoprotein cholesterol levels,
according to alcohol consumption,
omega-3 fatty acids, 66
Pooling Project, 58
racial predisposition, 55-56
risk factors, 56-70
smoking, risk of cardiovascular
disease by, 59
thrombosis, 69-70
[Hyperlipidemia]
Veterans Administration Cooperative
Study Group on Antihypertensive
Agents, 58
Western Collaborative Group Study,
human angioplasty, 330
hypotheses of atherogenesis
lipids, 19
response-to-injury hypothesis, 17-19
risk factors, 19-21
medical management, 235-272
anticoagulant therapy, 242
antioxidants, 240, 266
antiplatelet therapy, 242
aorta, 251-252
approach to treatment, 238
atherosclerotic plaque, 235-236
Bezafibrate Coronary Angiographic
Intervention Trial, 264
calcium channel blockers, 258-259
carotid artery, 251
Cholesterol-Lowering Atherosclerosis
Study, 253
complicated plaques, progression to,
controlled clinical trials, 252-261
coronary artery, 251-258
diabetes mellitus, 241
exercise, 241-242
fatty streaks, 236-237
femoral artery, 252
fibrous plaque, 237-238
folic acid supplementation, 242
gelatinous plaques, 237
gene therapy, 242-243
Heidelberg Study, 258
homocysteine supplementation, 242
hyperlipidemias, drug therapy for,
239-240
hypertension, 240-241
infection, 242
International Nifedipine Trial on
Antiatherosclerotic Therapy, 259
LDL-Apheresis Atherosclerosis
Regression Study, 259
lesion arrest or regression, 238
Lifestyle Heart Trial, 258
Lipid Coronary Angiographic Trial,
Lipid-Lowering Antiatherosclerosis
Therapies Trial, 252
medical management, 238-239
Monitored Atherosclerosis Regression
Study, 256
Montreal Study, 259
Multivitamins and Probucol Trial, 266
[Hyperlipidemia]
National Heart, Lung, and Blood
Institute, Type II Coronary
Intervention Study, 252
plaque evolution, 236
Post Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
Trial, 260
Probucol Angioplasty Restenosis
Trial, 266
Program on Surgical Control of
Hyperlipidemias, 260
recent antiatherosclerosis interven-
tions, 261-266
renal artery, 251
smoking, 240
St. Thomas’ Atherosclerosis
Regression Study, 254
Stanford Coronary Risk Intervention
Project, 254
triglyceride-rich lipoproteins,
261-266
uncontrolled studies, 251-252
University of California, San
Francisco, Specialized Center of
Research, Intervention Trial, 254
viral infection, 242
pathophysiology, 15-29, 31-54
age-related changes in artery wall,
36-37
aneurysm formation, 45-47
aortic atherosclerosis, 45
artery wall nutrition, 35-36
artery wall structure, 31-35
atherosclerotic arteries, enlargement,
atherosclerotic lesion structure,
37-41
carotid bifurcation plaques, 44-45
cellular modifications in, 21-26
configuration of lesions, 41-42
coronary artery atherosclerosis,
47-48
disease process, 15-17
future directions, 26-27
hypotheses of atherogenesis, 17-21
localization, atherosclerotic lesions,
42-44
quantitative evaluation, 48-49
superficial femoral artery stenosis,
regression
in experimental animal models,
249-251
in humans, 251-261
as risk factor for atherosclerosis, 61-66
risk factors
age, 56-57
[Hyperlipidemia]
alcohol consumption, incidence of
coronary heart disease, 63
behavior patterns, 68
diabetes, 20
diabetes mellitus, 66-67
hypercholesterolemia, 19-20
hyperhomocystinemia, 68
hyperlipidemia, 61-66
hypertension, 20, 57-58
male sex, 20, 57
obesity, 67-68
physical inactivity, 67-68
smoking, 20, 58-61
stress, 68
surgical management, 259-261
uncontrolled studies
femoral artery, 251
popliteal artery, 251
Hypertension
atherosclerosis and, 240-241
perioperative cardiovascular risk,
319-320
portal, 1015-1035
acute variceal bleeding, balloon
tamponade in, 1022
ascites, 1017
beta-adrenergic blockers, 1020
bleeding esophageal varices,
management of, 1019
cirrhotics with portal hypertension,
aortic surgery, 1030-1031
combined esophageal transection,
devascularization, 1026
diagnostic workup, 1018
encephalopathy, 1017
endoscopic variceal sclerosis,
endoscopy, 1018
esophageal, gastric transection,
1025-1026
esophageal varices, 1016-1017
extrahepatic presinusoidal portal
hypertension, 1015-1016
gastroesophageal devascularization,
hemodynamics, distal splenorenal
shunt, 1023-1024
indications, 1022-1023
injection schedule, long-term
prevention of rebleeding, 1021
intrahepatic presinusoidal portal
hypertension, 1015
laboratory testing, 1018
liver biopsy, 1019
liver transplantation in portal
hypertension, 1027
[Hypertension]
long-term injection sclerotherapy,
results of, 1021
medical treatment, 1019-1020
nonshunt surgical procedures,
1025-1026
organic nitrates, 1020
pathogenesis, 1015
pathophysiology of portal hyper-
tension, 1016
portal vein occlusion, 1028
posthepatic portal hypertension, 1028
postsinusoidal portal hypertension,
prophylactic sclerotherapy,
1021-1022
radiographic studies, 1018-1019
results, 1021, 1024-1025
resuscitation, patient monitoring,
schistosomiasis, portal hypertension,
1027-1028
selective portosystemic shunts, 1023
shunt procedures, types of, 1023
shunting procedures for portal hyper-
tension, 1022
sinusoidal portal hypertension, 1016
splenic vein thrombosis, 1028-1029
technical aspects, 1020-1021
technique, 1024
total portosystemic shunts, 1023
transhepatic variceal sclerosis, 1022
transjugular intrahepatic portosyste-
mic shunt, 1026-1027
variceal banding, 1021
variceal injection sclerotherapy,
banding, complications of, 1021
varices in unusual locations, 1030
vasopressin analogue, 1020
renovascular
aortorenal bypass, 831
characteristics of, 824-825
effect of operation on, 832
medical therapy, 826-827
nephrectomy, 831-832
noninvasive studies, 119
operative techniques, 828-832
percutaneous transluminal dilation,
postoperative care, 832
preoperative preparation, 828
therapeutic options, 826-827
thromboendarterectomy, 831
treatment of, 826-832
as risk factor for atherosclerosis, 57-58
secondary, renal artery occlusion,
establishment of importance of, 7
Hyperthrombotic states, 273-284
activated protein C resistance, 281-282
antithrombin deficiency, 274-275
clinical presentation, 275
diagnosis, 275
anti-tissue plasminogen activator, 277
clinical presentation, 274
fibrinolytic system defects, 276-277
clinical presentation, 276-277
methods of testing, 277
heparin-induced platelet aggregation,
patient management, 280
heparin-induced thrombosis, 278-280
clinical presentation, 279
diagnosis, 279
treatment, 279-280
hypercoagulability, guidelines for
identifying, 273-274
lupus anticoagulant, 280-281
clinical syndrome, 281
diagnosis, 281
treatment, 281
protein C, 277-278
methods of testing, 278
protein S deficiency, 278
tissue plasminogen activator, 277
Hypoplastic aorta, 440
Iatrogenic vascular injuries, 1095-1106
arterial lacerations, 1097-1098
arterial rupture, 1098
arteriovenous fistulas, 1098
endovascular approach, 1099-1100
iatrogenic pediatric arterial injuries,
1102-1103
intraaortic balloon pump catheters,
vascular complications due to,
1100-1102
operative approach, 1098-1099
percutaneous transfemoral procedures,
arterial injuries following,
1095-1098
pseudoaneurysms, 1096
thrombotic occlusions, 1097
upper extremity, iatrogenic arterial
injuries of, 1102
Iliac bypass, development of procedure, 4
Iliac vein stents, 1007-1008
Iliopopliteal bypass, development of pro-
cedure, 4
Imaging, 345-347 (see also Noninvasive
studies)
duplex, 132-135
venous reflux detection with, 164
vs. carotid arteriography, 135-138
operative, 138-139
postoperative, 138-139
[Imaging]
preoperative, 371
radiologic, 774
real-time B-mode, 127
ultrasound, 774
Impact of disease, assessment of outcomes,
221-222
Impedance plethysmography, deep vein
thrombosis, 965-966
Impotence
noninvasive studies, 121, 878
operations specifically for, 882-883
Impregnated grafts, 616
In situ saphenous vein arterial bypass,
485-494
arteriovenous fistulas, 491-492
development of procedure, 5
history of, 485
introduction of new valve cutter, 5
preoperative saphenous vein anatomy,
485-486
results, 494
surgical technique, 486-489
technical requirements, 489-491
venous spasm, 491
Indomethacin, drug interactions, 289
Infected aneurysms, 669-693
abdominal aorta, 680-682
endovascular repair, 682
extraanatomic reconstruction,
680-682
in situ reconstruction, 681-682
aorta, 672
bacteriologic studies, 677-678
bacteriology, 674-676
carotid artery, 673
colonized aneurysms, 676
contemporary classification, 670
diagnosis, 677-678
endovascular infection, 676
extremities, 674
fungal infection, 676
histology, 671
incidence, 670-671
laboratory data, 677
microbial arteritis, 671-672
histology, 672
incidence, 671
pathogenesis, 672
microbiology, 674
mycotic aneurysms, 670-671
natural history, 676-677
operative findings, 679
operative management, 679-680
pathogenesis, 671
postoperative management, 684
aortic aneurysms, 685
[Infected aneurysms]
peripheral aneurysms, 685
visceral artery aneurysms, 686
preoperative management, 679
radiologic studies, 678-679
arteriography, 679
computed tomography, 678-679
plain films, 678
ultrasound, 678
salmonella infection, 675
terminology, 669-670
treatment, 679-689
unusual bacteria, 675
visceral arteries, 673-674, 682-684
carotid artery, 683
extremity vessels, 683-684
hepatic artery, 682
other visceral vessels, 682-683
superior mesenteric artery, 682
Infected graft, prosthetic, 621-629
aortic, aortoiliac bypass grafts, 624-625
aortobifemoral bypass grafts, 625-626
diagnosis, 623
endoscopy, 624
imaging studies, 623-624
incidence, 621
laboratory studies, 623
management, 624
microbiology, 622-623
pathogenesis, 621-622
peripheral bypass graft infections, 626
physical examination, 623
Infected venous pseudoaneurysms, from
intravenous drug injection,
1109-1110
Infection, from arteriovenous fistulas,
Inferior vena cava
lacerated, repair of, 1194-1195
plication, 1198-1201
Inflammatory aneurysms, 636
Infrahepatic caval stenosis, 1183
Infrainguinal arteriosclerotic occlusive
disease, historical developments in
treatment of, 4-5
Infrainguinal bypass, vein mapping for,
noninvasive studies, 120-121
Infrapopliteal artery, injury, 1090-1091
Injection sclerotherapy, long-term, 1021
Innominate artery, blunt rupture, 1057
Innominate artery endarterectomy,
development of procedure, 8
Innominate-subclavian-carotid arterial
bypass, development of
procedure, 8
INTACT (see International Nifedipine Trial
on Antiatherosclerotic Therapy)
International Nifedipine Trial on
Antiatherosclerotic Therapy, 259
Internet, 229-234
Intestinal branch artery aneurysms, 666
Intestinal ischemia, chronic
description of, by Dunphy, 7
development of operative treatment, 7
Intima, artery wall, 31-33
Intraaortic balloon pump catheters,
vascular complications due to,
1100-1102
Intracavernous injection, penis, 879
Intrahepatic presinusoidal portal
hypertension, 1015
Intraluminal graft repair, thoracoabdominal
aneurysms, development of
procedure, 6
Intraluminal stripper, for vein removal,
development of, 8
Intraoperative balloon angioplasty,
stenting, 401-402
Intravascular ultrasound, 346
Intravenous drug injection, 1108-1111
angiothrombotic pulmonary hyper-
tension, 1110-1111
deep venous thrombosis, 1108
infected venous pseudoaneurysms,
1109-1110
septic thrombophlebitis, 1108-1109
superficial venous thrombosis, “puffy
hand,” 1108
Ionic dimeric contrast agent, 170
Ionic monomeric contrast agents, 170
Ischemia
acute, amputation in, 555-556
chronic, angiography, 187-188
digital, 912
heart disease death rates, United States,
manifestations, evolution of, 410-411
mesenteric, acute, 839-844
angiography, 843-844
arterial causes, 840
clinical presentation, 842
conditions associated with, 841
diagnostic studies, 842-844
historical background, 839-840
laboratory findings, 842
mesenteric vasoconstriction,
pathophysiology of, 841-842
operative management, 845-846
other diagnostic modalities, 843
patient population, 840
postoperative care, 846
principles of management, 844-845
radiographic signs, 842-843
selection of patients, 844
[Ischemia]
treatment plan, 844
types of, 840-841
venous causes, 840-841
signs of, 406
vertebrasilar, 771-782
anatomy, 772-773
arterial pathology, 773
common carotid, to subclavian artery,
bypass for, 774-775
common carotid to distal vertebral
artery bypass, 777-779
distal vertebral artery
external carotid, transposition of to
vertebral artery, 779-780
left subclavian artery, transthoracic
repair of, 775-776
occipital artery, transposition of to
distal vertebral artery, 780
proximal subclavian artery, surgical
reconstruction of, 774-776
proximal vertebral artery, transposi-
tion of to common carotid artery,
776-777
subclavian artery, transposition of to
common carotid artery, 775
subclavian to vertebral artery bypass,
ultrasound, radiologic imaging, 774
vertebral artery, 776-780
vertebral/proximal subclavian artery
reconstruction, 774
visceral, chronic, 861-875
anatomic considerations, 861
autogenous antegrade bypass,
864-865
bypass, 864-867
clinical presentation, 861-862
endarterectomy, 867-869
nonoperative therapy, 869-870
pathophysiology, 862-863
prosthetic antegrade bypass, 865-867
recurrent visceral ischemia, 870-873
reimplantation, 863-867
retrograde bypass, 864
revascularization options, 863-869
Ischemic strictures, management of, 856
Isovue, as contrast agent, 170
Jacobson, Julius H. II, 8
Jaretzki, Alfred, 5, 6, 8, 703
Joint Council of Society for Vascular
Surgery, 231
Jordan, G.L., 8
Julian, O.C., 8
Juxtarenal aneurysm, 635
Juxtarenal occlusion, 445
Kahn, S. F., 4
Kawasaki’s disease, 921-922
Kidney retrieval, for transplantation,
1177-1178
Kidney transplantation, 1184-1185
arteriovenous fistulas, 1184
hemorrhage, 1184
multiple donor renal arteries, 1184
renal artery stenosis, 1184
renal artery thrombosis, 1184
renal vein thrombosis, 1184
short renal artery, 1184
short right donor renal vein, 1184-1185
suboptimal recipient vessels, 1185
for transplantation, vascular surgical
technique of, 1180
Kinetic energy, in hemodynamics, 82
Kinks, carotid artery, 783-793
Kistner, Robert, 8, 9
Klass, J., 7
Klebsiella, aneurysm infection, 674
Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome, 1169-1170
Krayenbuhl, Hugh A., 8
Kunlin, Jean, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9
LAARS (see LDL-Apheresis Athero-
sclerosis Regression Study)
Laparoscopic aortobifemoral bypass, 445
LDL-Apheresis Atherosclerosis
Regression Study, 259
Leadbetter, W.F., 7
Leather, Robert, 5
Leg elevation, in clinical examination, 108
Leg lymphatics, 1038
Leriche, Rene, 2, 3
Lesions, atherosclerotic, 15-16
complicated lesion, 16
fatty streak, 15
fibrous plaque, 15-16
plaque rupture, 16
Lester, Savage, 4
Leukocyte activation, venous insufficiency,
Lifestyle Heart Trial, 258
Ligation, saphenous vein, 1202-1203
Linton, Robert, 3, 8
Lipid Coronary Angiographic Trial, 265
Lipid metabolism, in atherosclerosis,
23-24
Lipid-lowering agents, 333
Lipid-Lowering Antiatherosclerosis
Therapies Trial, 252
Lipoprotein cholesterol levels (see also
Atherosclerosis)
alcohol consumption and, 63
Literature, medical, computer searches,
233-234
Liver donation, reduced, for transplan-
tation, 1176-1177
Liver retrieval, for transplantation,
1174-1176
Liver transplantation, 1185
anomalous donor hepatic arteries, 1185
inadequate recipient hepatic artery, 1185
portal hypertension, 1027
portal vein thrombosis, 1185
for transplantation, vascular surgical
technique of, 1179
vascular complications, 1182-1185
arcuate ligament syndrome, 1182
hepatic artery pseudoaneurysms, 1183
hepatic artery stenosis, 1182-1183
hepatic artery thrombosis, 1182
infrahepatic caval stenosis, 1183
portal vein stenosis, thrombosis, 1183
suprahepatic caval stenosis, 1183
Localization, atherosclerotic lesions,
42-44
LOCAT (see Lipid Coronary Angiographic
Trial)
Long-term vascular access, 1153-1156
bridge fistulas, 1155-1156
subcutaneous arteriovenous fistulas,
1153-1155
Lovastatin, 332
Low molecular weight heparinoids, 287
pharmacokinetics, 287
Low molecular weight heparins,
pharmacokinetics, 287
Lower extremity arterial disease, with
diabetes, 603-608
infection, 603-604
neuropathy, 603
Lower extremity arterial injuries,
1089-1090
Lower extremity arteriography, 191-197
Lower extremity chronic venous
insufficiency, 991-1002
incompetence of deep veins, operations
for, 995-996
valvuloplasty, 995-996
venous transposition, valve
transplantation, 996
incompetent perforating veins,
interruption, 992-995
endoscopic techniques, 992-995
patient selection, 992
preoperative tests, 992
preoperative evaluation, 991
superficial reflux, ablation of, 992
surgical treatment, 991
preoperative evaluation, 991
venous obstruction, operation for,
996-1000
[Lower extremity chronic venous
insufficiency]
bypass for femoropopliteal venous
occlusion, 996-997
for common femoral or iliac vein
obstruction, 998-999
prosthetic femorocaval, iliocaval, or
inferior vena cava bypass,
999-1000
results, 998-999
Lower extremity compartment syndrome,
1138-1140
Lower extremity embolic arterial occlu-
sions, historical developments in
treatment of, 5
Lower extremity revascularizations, use of
in human umbilical vein grafts, 5
Lower extremity systolic pressure, normal
values, 115
Lower extremity venography, 197-200
Lower limb, arterioarterial atherothrom-
botic microemboli, 427-458
clinical diagnosis, 431-432
diagnostic investigations, 432-434
during fibrinolytic therapy, 435-437
incidence, 427-428
medical management, 435
sources of microemboli, 428-429
surgical management, 434-435
Lumbar sympathectomy, 595-599
chemical sympathectomy, 598
complications, 598
effects of, 595
operative technique, 596-598
patient selection, 595-596
Lumbar sympathetic block techniques,
complex regional pain syndromes,
differential diagnosis, 1128-1129
sympathectomy, results of, 1130
treatment, 1129-1130
Lung procurement, for transplantation,
1173-1174
Lupus anticoagulant, 280-281
clinical syndrome, 281
diagnosis, 281
treatment, 281
Lymphangiography, 1041
Lymphangiosarcoma, 1044-1045
Lymphangitis, clinical exam, 112
Lymphatic disease, clinical exam,
111-112
history, 111-112
lymphangitis, 112
lymphedema, 111-112
physical examination, 112
Lymphatic fistula, with aortoiliofemoral
occlusive disease, 448
Lymphatic malformations, 1165-1166
treatment, 1165-1166
Lymphatic system, 1037-1048
acquired lymphedema, 1040
anatomy
arm lymphatics, 1038
leg lymphatics, 1038
lymphatic system, 1037-1038
benign lymphatic tumors, surgical
treatment of, 1044
benign tumors of lymphatics, 1040
clinical presentation, 1039
complications, 1044
differential diagnosis, 1040-1041
historical aspects, 1037
lymphangiography, 1041
lymphangiosarcoma, 1044-1045
lymphedema, 1037
medical treatment, 1041-1042
noninvasive studies, 1041
operations, 1042-1044
direct lymphatic reconstruction,
1042-1043
excisional operations, 1043-1044
operative technique, 1043-1044
pedicle flap reconstruction, 1043
physiologic operations, 1042-1043
staged subcutaneous excision beneath
flaps, 1043
total subcutaneous excision, 1043
outcome, 1044
pathophysiology, 1037-1038
physiology, 1038
lymphedema, 1039
primary lymphedema, 1039-1040
classification by age of onset, 1039
classification by lymphangiographic
findings, 1039-1040
surgical treatment, complications of,
Lymphedema, 1037, 1039
acquired, 1040
clinical exam, 111-112
primary, 1039-1040
classification by age of onset,
classification by lymphangiographic
findings, 1039-1040
Lymphocele, with aortoiliofemoral
occlusive disease, 448
Lyons, C., 8
Lytic therapy, 1003-1014
literature, 1006-1007
patient selection, 1004-1006
thrombolytic therapy, 1003-1007
Macrophage, in atherosclerosis, 24-25
Magnification, digital fluoroscopy, 396
Major causalgia, 1124
Male sex, as risk factor for atherosclerosis,
Mallinckrodt, as contrast agent, 170
Marin, Michael, 4
MARS (see Monitored Atherosclerosis
Regression Study)
Martin, Peter, 5
Matas, Rudolph, 2
Matrix metalloproteinases, inhibitors in
venous ulcer healing, 944-945
Matus, Rudolph, 6
Maynard, E.P., 7
McCaughan, J.J., 4
McLean, Jay, 3
Meadox Corporation, Vanguard
Endovascular Aortic Graft,
development of, 366
Media, artery wall, 33-34
Medical literature, computer searches,
233-234
Medical Outcomes Study, 224
Medline, 231
Medtronic Corporation, AneuRx Graft,
development of, 366
Mefenamic acid, drug interactions, 289
Meprobamate, drug interactions, 289
Mesenteric arteriography, 182
Mesenteric ischemia
acute, 839-844
angiography, 188, 843-844
arterial causes, 840
clinical presentation, 842
conditions associated with, 841
diagnostic studies, 842-844
historical background, 839-840
laboratory findings, 842
mesenteric vasoconstriction,
pathophysiology of, 841-842
operative management, 845-846
other diagnostic modalities, 843
patient population, 840
postoperative care, 846
principles of management,
844-845
radiographic signs, 842-843
selection of patients, 844
treatment plan, 844
types of, 840-841
venous causes, 840-841
angiography, 187-188
acute mesenteric ischemia, 188
chronic ischemia, 187-188
Mesenteric vascular disease, acute,
839-859
Mesenteric vasoconstriction, pathophy-
siology of, 841-842
Mesenteric venography, 177
interpretation of, 179
Metabolic equivalent level for, 317
Microbial arteritis, 671-672
histology, 672
incidence, 671
pathogenesis, 672
Microcirculatory dysfunction, skeletal
muscle ischemia, 413-426
hyperpermeability, mechanisms of
signal transduction in, 414-415
microvascular dysfunction, mechanisms
of, 417-422
endothelial, vascular wall cells,
417-418
endothelium-leukocyte interactions,
419-420
leukocytes, 418
microvascular permeability, 414-417
biochemical bases, 414
nitric oxide synthase, 416-417
phosphorylation, 415-416
Microemboli, atherothrombotic,
arterioarterial, lower limb,
427-458
clinical diagnosis, 431-432
diagnostic investigations, 432-434
during fibrinolytic therapy, 435-437
incidence, 427-428
medical management, 435
sources of microemboli, 428-429
surgical management, 434-435
Midwestern Vascular Surgical Society,
Mikkelsen, W.P., 7
Mimocausalgia, 1123-1132
diagnosis, 1126
etiology, 1125
pathophysiology, 1125-1130
signs, 1126-1127
stellate ganglion block technique,
1127-1128
sympathetic block, assessment of,
sympathetically maintained pain,
sympathetically independent pain,
1125-1126
terminology, 1124-1125
Minor causalgia, 1124
Mitchell’s causalgia, 1124
Mobin-Uddin, Kazi, 8, 9
Molins, Mahelz, 7
Monitored Atherosclerosis Regression
Study, 256
Moniz, Egas, 3, 7
Montefiore experience, endovascular grafts
for arterial trauma, 386
results, 386
technique, 386
Montreal Study, 259
Moore, S.W., 4
Morris, George, 8
Mott, Valentine, 2
Multilevel occlusive disease, 444-445
Multivitamins and Probucol Trial, 266
Murphy
Guillermo, 7
John, 2
MVP Trial (see Multivitamins and
Probucol Trial)
Mycobacterium, aneurysm infection, 674
Mycotic aneurysms, 670-671
histology, 671
incidence, 670-671
pathogenesis, 671
Myocardial infarction, 446
Naftidrofuryl, 311
Nalidixic acid, drug interactions, 289
NASCET (see North American Sympto-
matic Carotid Endarterectomy
Trial)
Neck
root of, vessels of, injuries of,
1076-1078
vascular injuries in, 1071-1079
etiology, 1071
mechanisms of injury, 1071
Neointimal hyperplasia, 325-340
atherosclerosis, human angioplasty, 330
cellular response to injury, 327-328
endothelium, 327
increased response of SMCs to
mitogens, 328
inflammation, 328
medial SMC proliferation, 328
platelets, 327
proliferation of SMCs in intima, 328
SMC migration, 328
smooth-muscle cells, 327-328
embryology, 325-326
extracellular matrix, 329
injury response, 326-329
models, 326-327
mediators, 328-329
growth factors, 328
hormonal factors, 328-329
mechanical factors, 329
patency after endarterectomy, 332
preventive strategies, 332-334
ACE inhibitors, 333
drug delivery methods, 334
[Neointimal hyperplasia]
heparin, 333
lipid-lowering agents, 333
photodynamic therapy, 333
radiation, 333-334
prospective agents to inhibit formation
of, 332
prosthetic bypass grafts, neointimal
hyperplasia in, 331
restenosis after endarterectomy,
331-332
thrombosis, 329
vein bypass grafts, neointimal hyper-
plasia in, 330-331
Nephrectomy, for renovascular hyperten-
sion, development of procedure, 7
Neuralgia, traumatic, 1124
Neurovascular dystrophy, reflex, 1124
Neurovascular pain syndrome, post-
traumatic, 1124
New England Society for Vascular
Surgery, 232
Niacin, 64
Nifedipine, 332
Nocturnal penile tumescence monitoring,
Nomenclature, 341-350
Nonanatomic revascularization of lower
extremities, historical develop-
ments in treatment of, 4
Noninvasive studies
aortoiliac inflow, adequacy of
arteriovenous fistula, 119
pseudoaneurysm, 119
vascular pathology of popliteal fossa,
cerebrovascular diagnosis, 123-167
(see also under specific modality)
chronic venous insufficiency, clinical
manifestations of, 154-155
color-flow duplex imaging, 134-135
Doppler quantitation, carotid stenosis,
129-132
Doppler ultrasound, 125-127
duplex ultrasonography, 127-129
future developments, 142-147
historical perspective, 123-125
morphology, 139-140
natural history, 140-142
operative imaging, 138-139
pathology, 139-140
postoperative imaging, 138-139
real-time B-mode imaging, 127
varicose veins, clinical classification
of, 154
venous diseases diagnosis, 155-165
congenital vascular malformation, 165
[Noninvasive studies]
duplex imaging, 132-138
duplex scanning, 162-163
instrumentation
color-encoded technology, 114-115
duplex technology, 114-115
systolic pressure of lower extremity,
normal values, 115
transcutaneous Doppler, 113-114
noninvasive techniques, 158-165
peripheral arterial occlusive disease,
diagnosis, 116-118
peripheral vascular disease, 113-122
aortoiliac inflow, adequacy of,
118-119
arterial reconstruction, follow-up
after, 118
clinical applications, 116-121
infrainguinal bypass graft surveil-
lance, 120
instrumentation, 113-116
mesenteric ischemia, 119-120
peripheral arterial occlusive disease,
116-118
photoelectric plethysmograph, 116
plethysmography, 115-116
renovascular hypertension, 119
sexual impotence, 121
vein mapping, for infrainguinal
bypass, 120-121
phlebography, 157
plethysmography, 158
air-filled plethysmograph, 115
strain-gauge plethysmograph, 116
radioisotope techniques, 157-158
scanning technique, 163-164
ultrasound techniques, 160-162
venous outflow obstruction, 158
venous reflux, 158-160
venous reflux detection, duplex
scanning, color flow imaging,
venous thrombosis
conditions associated with, 154
lower extremities, clinical mani-
festations, 153-154
radiographic signs of, 157
Nonionic monomeric contrast agents,
Nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia, 847
North American Chapter of International
Society for Cardiovascular Surgery,
North American Symptomatic Carotid
Endarterectomy Trial, 7, 8
Northway, O., 8
Nottingham Health Profile, 224
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,
for amputation, 559
Nycomed, as contrast agent, 170
Obesity, as risk factor for atherosclerosis,
67-68
Obturator foramen bypass grafts, 536
technique, 536
Occlusive mid-aneurysmal disease, 440
Omega-3 fatty acids, 66
atherosclerosis and, 66
OmniCath, 352, 356-357
Omnipaque, as contrast agent, 170
Operative imaging, 138-139
Oral antibiotics, drug interactions, 289
Oral anticoagulants, drug interactions, 289
Oral contraceptives, drug interactions, 289
Organ transplantation, 1173-1186
kidney transplantation, 1184-1185
arteriovenous fistulas, 1184
hemorrhage, 1184
multiple donor renal arteries, 1184
renal artery stenosis, 1184
renal artery thrombosis, 1184
renal vein thrombosis, 1184
short renal artery, 1184
short right donor renal vein,
1184-1185
suboptimal recipient vessels, 1185
liver transplantation, 1185
anomalous donor hepatic arteries,
arcuate ligament syndrome, 1182
hepatic artery pseudoaneurysms, 1183
hepatic artery stenosis, 1182-1183
hepatic artery thrombosis, 1182
inadequate recipient hepatic artery,
infrahepatic caval stenosis, 1183
portal vein stenosis, thrombosis, 1183
portal vein thrombosis, 1185
suprahepatic caval stenosis, 1183
organ procurement, 1173-1181
cardiac, lung procurement,
1173-1174
kidney retrieval, 1177-1178
kidney transplantation, vascular
surgical technique of, 1180
liver retrieval, 1174-1176
liver transplantation, vascular
surgical technique of, 1179
pancreas retrieval, 1177
pancreas transplantation, vascular
surgical technique of, 1179-1180
reduced liver donation, 1176-1177
small bowel transplantation, vascular
surgical technique of, 1180-1181
[Organ transplantation]
small-bowel retrieval, 1178-1179
pancreas transplantation, 1185
unsuitability of donor iliac grafts,
vascular complications, 1182-1184
kidney transplantation, 1184
liver transplantation, 1182-1185
pancreas transplantation, 1183-1184
Organic nitrates, 1020
Osteoporosis
painful, posttraumatic, 1124
posttraumatic, 1124
O’Toole, James, 7, 8
Oudot, Jacques, 3, 4
Outcomes assessment, 221-226
application of, 225
disease, impact of, 221-222
disease-specific instruments, 224-225
EuroQol, 224
generic outcomes assessment tools,
223-224
generic quality of life instruments, 224
Medical Outcomes Study, 224
Nottingham Health Profile, 224
patient-based outcomes assessment
parameters, 222-223
Quality of Well-Being Scale, 224
Sickness Impact Profile, 224
Oxyphenbutazone, drug interactions,
Paget-Schroetter syndrome, 898-901
Pain syndromes, complex, regional, 1128
complications, 1131
differential diagnosis, 1128-1129
sympathectomy, results of, 1130
treatment, 1129-1130
Painful osteoporosis, 1124
Palma, Eduardo, 5, 8, 9
Palmaz, Julio, 4
Pancreas retrieval, for transplantation,
Pancreas transplantation, 1183-1185
for transplantation, vascular surgical
technique of, 1179-1180
unsuitability of donor iliac grafts, 1185
Pancreatic tumors, angiography, 183
Pare, Ambrose, 1
Parkes Weber syndrome, 1169-1170
PART (see Probucol Angioplasty
Restenosis Trial)
Patient selection, for clinical trial, 213
Patient-based outcomes assessment
parameters, 222-223
Pediatric arterial injuries, iatrogenic,
1102-1103
Penile brachial pressure indices, 878
Penile microvascular surgery, 883-884
Penile plethysmographic pulse volume
recordings, 878
Pentoxifylline, 310-311
clinical use, 310-311
mechanism, 310
Percutaneous central venous cannulation
techniques, 1147-1153
anatomy, 1147-1148
approaches, 1148-1152
complications, 1152-1153
Percutaneous coaxial dilation, develop-
ment of procedure, 4
Percutaneous renal artery balloon dilation,
development of procedure, 7
Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty,
development of procedure, 4
Perforating veins, incompetent
endoscopic interruption of, development
of procedure, 8
subfascial division, development of
procedure, 8
Perioperative evaluation, cardiac risk,
315-324
arrhythmias, 319
assessment, 316-320
conduction disturbances, 319
congestive heart failure, 318
hypertension, 319-320
perioperative management, 320-321
hemodynamic monitoring, 321
medical management, 320-321
surgical procedure, 320
predictors, perioperative cardiovascular
risk, 316
valvular heart disease, 319
Perioperative management, cardiac risk,
320-321
hemodynamic monitoring, 321
medical management, 320-321
surgical procedure, 320
Peripheral arterial disease, clinical
examination, 103-104
Peripheral atherectomy, 351-362
atherectomy devices, 351-359
Simpson AtheroTrak, 351-355
Auth Rotablator, 352, 357-359
complications, 354-355
indications, 351
OmniCath, 352, 356-357
Simpson Athero-Cath, 352
TEC, 352
Transluminal Extraction Catheter,
355-356
complications with, 356
Peripheral vascular disease
aortoiliac inflow, adequacy of
arteriovenous fistula, 119
pseudoaneurysm, 119
vascular pathology of popliteal fossa,
diabetes, 601-610
lower extremity arterial disease,
603-608
pathophysiology, 601-602
instrumentation
color-encoded technology, 114-115
duplex technology, 114-115
systolic pressure of lower extremity,
normal values, 115
transcutaneous Doppler, 113-114
lower extremity arterial disease
infection, 603-604
ischemia, 604-608
neuropathy, 603
noninvasive studies, 113-122
aortoiliac inflow, adequacy of,
118-119
arterial reconstruction, follow-up
after, 118
clinical applications, 116-121
infrainguinal bypass graft surveil-
lance, 120
instrumentation, 113-116
mesenteric ischemia, 119-120
peripheral arterial occlusive disease,
116-118
photoelectric plethysmograph, 116
plethysmography, 115-116
renovascular hypertension, 119
sexual impotence, 121
vein mapping, for infrainguinal
bypass, 120-121
peripheral arterial occlusive disease,
diagnosis, 116-118
plethysmography
air-filled plethysmograph, 115
strain-gauge plethysmograph, 116
Peripheral Vascular Surgery Society, 232
Phantom pain, 590-591
Phenylbutazone, drug interactions, 289
Phlebography, 157
Photodynamic therapy, 333
Photofixation, graft, 616
Photoplethysmography, for amputation,
Physical exam, 111
Physical inactivity
atherosclerosis, 67-68
as risk factor for atherosclerosis, 67-68
Pickering, George, 7
Plain films, 678
Plaque evolution, 236, 717-719 (see also
Atherosclerosis)
Plaque rupture, 16
Platelet antiaggregant drugs, clinical trials
of, 705-706
Platelet function, 303-304
arterial wall, interaction with, 304
coagulation cascade, interaction with,
303-304
Platelet function inhibitors, 290
aspirin, 290
clopidogrel, 290
glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, 290
ticlopidine, 290
Platelet in atherosclerosis, 25-26
platelet-derived growth factor, 25
Platelet-derived growth factor, 25
Platelet-suppressant therapy, 704-705
Plethysmograph
air-filled, 115
strain-gauge, 116
Plethysmography, 158
impedance, deep vein thrombosis,
965-966
Plication, inferior vena cava, 1198-1201
Pneumococcus, aneurysm infection,
Polyester grafts, 614
Polymers, new, 616
Polytetrafluoroethylene
expanded, 614-615
extruded grafts, introduction of, 5
Pooling Project, 58
Popliteal adventitial cystic disease,
513-516
clinical presentation, 515
etiology, 514
history, 513-514
incidence, 514
laboratory evaluation, 515
pathophysiology, 514-515
treatment, 515-516
Popliteal aneurysm, 653-657
asymptomatic aneurysms, 654-655
clinical features, 653
diagnosis, 653-654
epidemiology, 653
excision, development of procedure, 6
historical developments in treatment
of, 6
management, 654-656
results, 656
surgery, 655-656
symptomatic aneurysms, 654
thrombolytic therapy, 655
Popliteal atherosclerosis, medical
management, 251
Popliteal entrapment, 516-523
classification, 517-518
clinical evaluation, 519-520
clinical examination, 105
diagnosis, 520
history, 516-517
pathophysiology, 518-519
prevalence, 518
results, 520
treatment, 520
Popliteal fossa, vascular pathology,
noninvasive studies, 119
Popliteal injury, 1090-1091
Popliteal occlusive disease, historical
developments in treatment of, 5
Portal hypertension, 1015-1035
acute variceal bleeding, balloon
tamponade in, 1022
ascites, 1017
bleeding esophageal varices,
management of, 1019
cirrhotics with portal hypertension,
aortic surgery, 1030-1031
diagnostic workup, 1018
encephalopathy, 1017
endoscopic variceal sclerosis, 1020
endoscopy, 1018
esophageal varices, 1016-1017
extrahepatic presinusoidal, 1015-1016
hemodynamics, distal splenorenal shunt,
1023-1024
indications, 1022-1023
injection schedule, long-term prevention
of rebleeding, 1021
intrahepatic presinusoidal, 1015
laboratory testing, 1018
liver biopsy, 1019
liver transplantation in, 1027
long-term injection sclerotherapy,
results of, 1021
medical treatment, 1019-1020
beta-adrenergic blockers, 1020
organic nitrates, 1020
vasopressin analogue, 1020
nonshunt surgical procedures,
1025-1026
combined esophageal transection,
devascularization, 1026
esophageal, gastric transection,
1025-1026
gastroesophageal devascularization,
pathogenesis, 1015
pathophysiology of, 1016
patient monitoring, 1019
portal vein occlusion, 1028
posthepatic, 1028
[Portal hypertension]
postsinusoidal, 1016
prophylactic sclerotherapy, 1021-1022
radiographic studies, 1018-1019
results, 1021, 1024-1025
schistosomiasis, portal hypertension,
1027-1028
selective portosystemic shunts, 1023
shunt procedures, types of, 1023
shunting procedures for, 1022
sinusoidal, 1016
splenic vein thrombosis, 1028-1029
technical aspects, 1020-1021
technique, 1024
total portosystemic shunts, 1023
transhepatic variceal sclerosis, 1022
transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic
shunt, 1026-1027
variceal banding, 1021
variceal injection sclerotherapy,
banding, complications of, 1021
varices in unusual locations, 1030
Portal vein occlusion, 1028
Portal vein stenosis, thrombosis, 1183
Portal venography, 177
Portal venous access, hepatic venography,
Portosystemic shunts
selective, 1023
total, 1023
POSCH (see Program on Surgical Control
of Hyperlipidemias)
Post Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Trial,
Post-carotid endarterectomy, recurrent
stenosis, 719-722
Posthepatic portal hypertension, 1028
Postoperative imaging, 138-139
Postsinusoidal portal hypertension, 1016
Posttraumatic pain syndromes, 1123-1132
complications, 1131
diagnosis, 1126
differential diagnosis, 1128-1129
etiology, 1125
pathophysiology, 1125-1130
signs, 1126-1127
stellate ganglion block technique,
1127-1128
sympathectomy, results of, 1130
sympathetic block, assessment of, 1127
sympathetically maintained pain,
sympathetically independent pain,
1125-1126
terminology, 1124-1125
terms describing, 1124
treatment, 1129-1130
Potential energy, in hemodynamics, 81-82
Power bar on computer, 232-233
Pravastatin, 64
Praxilene (see Naftidrofuryl)
Predictors, perioperative cardiovascular
risk, 316
Predinisolone, 332
Presentation of results, clinical trial,
215-216
Presinusoidal portal hypertension
extrahepatic, 1015-1016
intrahepatic, 1015
Pressure, hemodynamic, 91-93
Probucol Angioplasty Restenosis Trial,
Procurement, of lung for transplantation,
1173-1174
Profunda femoris artery, injury,
1089-1090
Profundoplasty, 545-553
anatomy, 545
angiographic techniques, 547
distribution of disease, 546-547
indications for, 547-549
to lower amputation level, 553
operative technique, 549-551
results, 551-552
Program on Surgical Control of
Hyperlipidemias, 260
Prophylactic sclerotherapy, 1021-1022
Prostaglandins, 311
Prosthesis, 579
articulated foot-ankle assembly, 583
components, 580-584
dynamic response, energy-storing feet,
580-583
fitting, 568
foot-ankle assembly, 580
transfemoral, 584-587
transtibial amputee, suspension
variations, 585
mechanical suspension, 585
suction suspension, 584
transtibial prosthetic sockets, 584
Prosthetic graft
infection, 621-629
aortic, aortoiliac bypass grafts,
624-625
aortobifemoral bypass grafts,
625-626
diagnosis, 623
endoscopy, 624
imaging studies, 623-624
incidence, 621
laboratory studies, 623
management, 624
microbiology, 622-623
pathogenesis, 621-622
[Prosthetic graft]
peripheral bypass graft infections,
physical examination, 623
neointimal hyperplasia in, 331
Prosthetic knee, 588-590
Prosthetic materials for vascular conduits,
611-619
arterial, venous xenografts, 613-614
arterial allografts, 612
biological grafts, 612
current recommendations, 615
endothelial cell seeding, 615-616
expanded polytetrafluoroethylene,
614-615
graft thromboreactivity, 611-612
human umbilical cord vein allograft, 613
impregnated grafts, 616
new polymers, 616
photofixation techniques, 616
polyester grafts, 614
synthetic grafts, 614
venous allografts, 612-613
Protein C, 277-278
methods of testing, 278
resistance, activated, 281-282
Protein S deficiency, 278
Proteus, aneurysm infection, 674
Pseudoaneurysm
aortoiliac inflow, adequacy of, 119
endograft exclusion, development of
procedure, 4
iatrogenic, 1096
noninvasive studies, 119
venous, infected, from intravenous drug
injection, 1109-1110
Pseudomonas, aneurysm infection, 674
PTFE grafts (see Polytetrafluoroethylene
grafts)
Pulmonary angiography, 175-177
Pulmonary embolism, prophylactic
prevention of, development of
procedures, 8
Pulmonary hilum, penetrating wounds of,
1053-1054
Pulmonary hypertension, angiothrombotic,
from intravenous drug injection,
1110-1111
Pulmonary thromboembolism, 970-975
arterial blood gases, 971
central venous pressure, 971
chest radiography, 971
diagnosis, 970-972
electrocardiography, 971
lung scan, 971-972
management, 973-974
overview, 970
[Pulmonary thromboembolism]
pathophysiology, 972-973
pulmonary arteriography, 972
pulmonary embolectomy, 974-975
Pulses
examination of, 106-107
hemodynamics of, 91-93
Quality of life instruments, generic, 224
Quality of Well-Being Scale, 224
Quinidine, drug interactions, 289
Racial predisposition, atherosclerosis,
55-56
Radial artery, injury, 1089
Radioactive-labeled fibrinogen, deep vein
thrombosis, 966
Radioisotope techniques, venous disease
diagnosis, 157-158
Radiologic studies, infected aneurysms
arteriography, 679
computed tomography, 678-679
Randomization, clinical trial, 214
Ray amputation of toe, 561
Raynaud’s syndrome, 106, 903-914
associated diseases, 906-907
clinical evaluation, 908-909
angiography, 909
laboratory evaluation, 909
noninvasive vascular laboratory
evaluation, 908
diseases associated with, 904
epidemiology, 905-906
pathophysiology, 903-905
patient presentation, 907-908
results of treatment, 912
treatment, 909-911
digital gangrene, 909-910
surgical therapy, 911
vasospasm, 909
Real-time B-mode imaging, 127
Reflex dystrophy, 1124
clinical examination, 105-106
of extremities, 1124
Rehabilitation, vascular amputee, 575-594
amputation levels, 576
amputation prevention, 592
computer-aided design-computer-
assisted manufacturing, 579-580
energy consumption during gait,
amputees, 591-592
exoskeletal versus endoskeletal, 579
follow-up care, 598
incidence, 575-576
phantom pain, 590-591
postoperative management, 577-578
preprosthetic phase of management, 578
[Rehabilitation, vascular amputee]
prognosis, 576
prosthetic components, 580-584
articulated foot-ankle assembly, 583
dynamic response, energy-storing
feet, 580-583
foot-ankle assembly, 580
transtibial prosthetic sockets, 584
prosthetic knees, 588-590
prosthetic phase of management,
578-579
prosthetic prescription, 579, 592-593
transfemoral amputee, 593
transtibial amputee, 592-593
suspension variations
transfemoral amputees, 588
transtibial amputee, 585
transfemoral amputees
mechanical, 588
suction, 588
transfemoral prosthesis, 584-587
transtibial amputee
mechanical suspension, 585
suction suspension, 584
treatment, 592
Remote ischemic vascular complications,
with aortoiliofemoral occlusive
disease, 449-450
Renal arteriography, 188-191, 825-826
Renal artery atherosclerosis, medical
management, 251
Renal artery disease, historical develop-
ments in treatment of, 7
Renal artery endarterectomy, development
of procedure, 7
Renal artery occlusion
historical developments in treatment
of, 6
secondary hypertension, establishment
of importance of, 7
Renal duplex sonography, 825
Renal tumors, 637
Renal vein renin assays, 826
Renografin-60, as contrast agent, 170
Renografin-76, as contrast agent, 170
Renovascular disease, 823-837
diagnostic evaluation, 825-826
functional studies, 826
renal arteriography, 825-826
renal duplex sonography, 825
renal vein renin assays, 826
screening studies, 825
split renal function studies, 826
hypertension
aortorenal bypass, 831
characteristics of, 824-825
effect of operation on, 832
[Renovascular disease]
medical therapy, 826-827
nephrectomy, 831-832
nephrectomy for, development of
procedure, 7
operative techniques, 828-832
percutaneous transluminal dilation,
postoperative care, 832
preoperative preparation, 828
therapeutic options, 826-827
thromboendarterectomy, 831
treatment of, 826-832
pathophysiology of, 824
prevalence of, 823-824
Restenosis, 325-340
after endarterectomy, 331-332
atherosclerosis, human angioplasty, 330
cellular response to injury, 327-328
endothelium, 327
increased response of SMCs to
mitogens, 328
inflammation, 328
medial SMC proliferation, 328
platelets, 327
proliferation of SMCs in intima, 328
SMC migration, 328
smooth-muscle cells, 327-328
embryology, 325-326
extracellular matrix, 329
injury response, 326-329
models, 326-327
mediators, 328-329
growth factors, 328
hormonal factors, 328-329
mechanical factors, 329
patency after endarterectomy, 332
preventive strategies, 332-334
ACE inhibitors, 333
drug delivery methods, 334
heparin, 333
lipid-lowering agents, 333
photodynamic therapy, 333
radiation, 333-334
prospective agents to inhibit formation
of, 332
prosthetic bypass grafts, neointimal
hyperplasia in, 331
thrombosis, 329
vein bypass grafts, neointimal hyper-
plasia in, 330-331
Results of clinical trial, presentation of,
215-216
Revascularization, complications of, 409
Reversed autogenous saphenous vein
femoral popliteal bypass,
development of procedure, 5
Risk factors, atherosclerosis, 56-70
age, 56-57
alcohol consumption, incidence of
coronary heart disease, 63
antioxidant vitamins, 68-69
behavior patterns, 68
diabetes mellitus, 66-67
fish consumption, 66
hyperhomocystinemia, 68
hyperlipidemia, 61-66
hypertension, 57-58
lipoprotein cholesterol levels
according to alcohol consumption,
alcohol consumption and, 63
male sex, 57
obesity, 67-68
omega-3 fatty acids, 66
physical inactivity, 67-68
smoking, 58-61
stress, 68
thrombosis, 69-70
Roadmapping, digital fluoroscopy, 396
Rob, Charles, 7
Roentgen, Wilhelm, 2
Root of neck, vessels of, injuries of,
1076-1078
operative management, 1077-1078
Running, metabolic equivalent level for,
Ruptured aortic aneurysm, 637-638
Salicylates, drug interactions, 289
Salmonella infection, 674, 675
Saphenofemoral vein
crossover bypass, development of
procedure, 8
ligation, development of procedure, 8
Saphenopopliteal vein, bypass, develop-
ment of procedure, 8
Saphenous vein arterial bypass, in situ,
485-494
arteriovenous fistulas, 491-492
history of, 485
preoperative saphenous vein anatomy,
485-486
results, 494
surgical technique, 486-489
technical requirements, 489-491
venous spasm, 491
Saphenous vein ligation, stripping,
1202-1203
Savage, Lester, 4
Scalene muscle, 890
abnormalities, 891-892
Scanning technique, for venous disease
diagnosis, 163-164
Schistosomiasis, portal hypertension,
1027-1028
SCRIP (see Stanford Coronary Risk
Intervention Project)
Searching for medical date on computer,
231-234
Septic thrombophlebitis, from intravenous
drug injection, 1108-1109
Sexual function
with aortoiliofemoral occlusive disease,
impotence
noninvasive laboratory testing for,
operations specifically for,
882-883
vascular surgery and, 877-888
aortoiliac aneurysm repair, 881-882
aortoiliac occlusive disease,
operations for, 880-881
cavernosometry, cavernosal artery
occlusion pressure, 880
duplex Doppler scanning, 879
erection, physiology of, 877
internal iliac endarterectomy,
882-883
intracavernous injection, 879
medical treatment, 885
nocturnal penile, tumescence
monitoring, 880
penile microvascular surgery,
883-884
physical examination, 878
vascular operations, 880-882
vascular testing, 878-879
vasculogenic impotence, classification
of, 878
venous interruption procedures,
884-885
vascular testing
neurologic testing, 879
penile brachial pressure indices,
penile plethysmographic pulse
volume recordings, 878
Shaw, R.S., 7
Shear, effect on arterial wall, 97
Sheaths, 343
Short-term vascular access, 1147-1153
Shoulder-hand syndrome, 1124
Steinerocher’s, 1124
Sickness Impact Profile, 224
Sigmoid colon ischemia, with aortoilio-
femoral occlusive disease, 449
Simpson AtheroTrak, 351-355
Simvastatin, 64
Sinusoidal portal hypertension, 1016
Skeletal muscle ischemia, microcirculatory
dysfunction, 413-426
hyperpermeability, mechanisms of
signal transduction in, 414-415
microvascular dysfunction, mechanisms
of, 417-422
endothelial, vascular wall cells,
417-418
endothelium-leukocyte interactions,
419-420
leukocytes, 418
microvascular permeability, 414-417
biochemical bases, 414
nitric oxide synthase, 416-417
Skin
examination of, 108-109
perfusion pressures, for amputation,
temperature measurement, for ampu-
tation, 559
Small artery occlusive disease, upper
extremity, 903-914
Small bowel retrieval, for transplantation,
1178-1179
Small bowel transplantation, for trans-
plantation, vascular surgical
technique of, 1180-1181
Smoking, as risk factor for disease,
58-61, 240
Smooth muscle, in atherosclerosis, 22-24
lipid metabolism, 23-24
smooth-muscle proliferation, 22-23
Society for Clinical Vascular Surgery, 232
Southern Association for Vascular Surgery,
Splanchnic artery aneurysms, 659-667
celiac artery aneurysms, 665
gastric, gastroepiploic aneurysms,
665-666
gastroduodenal, pancreaticoduodenal
aneurysms, 665
hepatic artery aneurysm, 661-662
clinical presentation, 661
investigations, 661-662
operations, 662
intestinal branch artery aneurysms, 666
splenic artery aneurysms, 659-661
clinical presentation, 660-661
superior mesenteric artery aneurysms,
662-665
clinical presentation, 662-663
operations, 663-665
Splanchnic artery disease, historical
developments in treatment of,
6-7
Splenic artery aneurysms, 659-661
clinical presentation, 660-661
Splenic vein thrombosis, 1028-1029
Split renal function studies, 826
Spontaneous dissection, carotid artery,
783-793
Spreading neuralgia, posttraumatic, 1124
Spreadsheets on computer, 229
St. Thomas’ Atherosclerosis Regression
Study, 254
Stabilization, in humans, 251-261
Stairs, climbing, metabolic equivalent level
for, 317
Stanford Coronary Risk Intervention
Project, 254
Staphylococcus, aneurysm infection, 674
Staphylokinase, 299
STARS (see St. Thomas’ Atherosclerosis
Regression Study)
Stasis dermatitis, dermal fibrosis,
pathophysiology of, 941-944
Statistical design, clinical trial, 214-215
Stellate ganglion block technique,
1127-1128
Stenosis
asymptomatic, efficacy of carotid
endarterectomy, clinical trials on,
757-758
symptomatic, efficacy of carotid endar-
terectomy, clinical trials, 756-757
Stents, 344-345, 1007-1011
axillo-subclavian venous stenosis, 1008
background, 1007
Budd-Chiari syndrome, 1010-1011
iliac vein stents, 1007-1008
superior vena cava syndrome, 1010
venous stenosis in hemodialysis patients,
1008-1010
Strain-gauge plethysmograph, 116
Streptococcus, aneurysm infection, 674
Streptokinase, 298
Stress, as risk factor for atherosclerosis, 68
Stripping, saphenous vein, 1202-1203
Stroke, 446
completed, 699-700
Progressing, 699
Subclavian artery, injury, 1088
Subclavian vein thrombosis, 970
Subclavian vessels, penetrating wounds of,
Subclavian-carotid artery bypass,
development of procedure, 8
Subcutaneous arteriovenous fistulas,
1153-1155
Subtraction, digital fluoroscopy, 395-396
Sudeck’s atrophy, 1124
Sudeck’s osteodystrophy, 1124
Sudeck’s syndrome, 1124
Sulfonamides, drug interactions, 289
Superficial femoral artery
injury, 1090
stenosis, 47
Superficial vein thrombosis
clinical examination, 110
“puffy hand,” from intravenous drug
injection, 1108
Superior mesenteric artery
aneurysms, 662-665
clinical presentation, 662-663
operations, 663-665
embolectomy, development of
procedure, 7
infected aneurysm, 682
thrombosis, acute, 847-849
Superior mesenteric venous thrombosis,
acute, 849-851
Superior vena cava
syndrome, 1010
venography, 201-202
Suprahepatic caval stenosis, 1183
Surgical techniques, 1187-1259
aortic aneurysm repair, 1210-1227
aortofemoral bypass, for occlusive
disease, 1228-1239
arterial dissection, 1188-1189
arterial incision, 1188-1189
suture closure of arteriotomy,
1188-1189
artery, lacerated, repair of, 1194
axillofemoral bypass, 1250-1255
carotid endarterectomy, 1204-1209
end-to-end vascular anastomosis,
1190-1191
end-to-side vascular anastomosis,
1192-1193
femoral artery, lacerated, repair of,
1196-1197
femorofemoral bypass, 1256-1259
femoropopliteal bypass, 1240-1249
inferior vena cava
lacerated, repair of, 1194-1195
plication, 1198-1201
saphenous vein ligation, stripping,
1202-1203
vascular injury, types of, 1194
vein, lacerated, repair of, 1194
Sushruta, contribution of, 1
Swimming, metabolic equivalent level
for, 317
Syme amputation, ankle, 561-562
Sympathalgia, 1124
posttraumatic, 1124
Sympathectomy, 95
lumbar, 595-599
chemical sympathectomy, 598
complications, 598
[Sympathectomy]
effects of, 595
operative technique, 596-598
patient selection, 595-596
results of, 1130
Sympathetic dysfunction, posttraumatic,
Sympathetic dystrophy
neurovascular, 1124
posttraumatic, 1124
Sympathetically maintained pain, vs.
