ABSTRACT
Recently, construction work is increasing in densely populated urban areas in Japan. For example, in order to ease traffic congestion, railroads running through urban areas are re-laid on elevated bridges, which are constructed close to existing structures. Usually, the space allowable for construction work in urban areas is often very small. Further, in such construction work in urban areas, it is required to cut down costs and reduce noise and vibration. The disposal of surplus soil generated from construction work must be also taken into consideration.
