ABSTRACT
Reload Slope of reload line High Following unloading the reload line takes a modulus different stress path to the unload line. Usually
convex in shape. Also resilient modulus. Cyclic Average slope of High Strain hardening can occur with increased modulus unload/reload line number of cycles. Equivalent A combination of various Various A weighted average approach is usually adopted. modulus layers into on modulus
Figure 11.1 Stress strain curve showing various modulus definitions.
