ABSTRACT
The authors were involved with the Construction Industry Institute’s (CII) research in the use of three-dimensional computer models for construction management applications spanning from 1993 to 1995. The study consisted of three parts. First the researchers used questionnaires to investigate the perceived benefits and impediments to using three-dimensional models in the management of construction. Second, they performed statistical studies on 93 projects that used threedimensional models in the management of construction to varying degrees. Finally, the research team used a case study project to judge the reality of the statistics results. Some of the results are as follows:
Most common usage Greatest perceived impediments to the • Checking clearances and access use of 3D in construction • Visualizing details from • Undetermined economic impacts
non-standard viewpoints • Inertia • Using model as reference during • Lack of trained people
project meetings • Cost was perceived as an • Performing constructability reviews impediment only by non-users
Perceived benefits by users Differences between only 2D and • Reducing interference problems “average” to “very good” use of 3D* • Assisting in visualization • 5% reduction in cost growth • Reducing rework • 4% reduction in schedule slip • Improving engineering accuracy • 65% reduction in total rework • Improving jobsite communication * Benefits were quantified by the statistical study (Griffis, 1988).
