ABSTRACT
In elastoplastic soil constitutive models aimed at capturing the impact of anisotropy, a necessary ingredient is a measure of anisotropic fabric in the form of an evolving fabric tensor. It is possible to define such fabric tensor and its evolution based on indirect macroscopic observations at the continuum level, but it is more effective and insightful to have the tensor defined based on direct particle level microstructural observations, usually made by use of DEM, such as the one related to interparticle contact normal directions (Oda 1982) that have already gained widespread acceptance.
