Comparative analysis of CO2 emissions of steel bar and synthetic fiber used in shield tunnel segment

From the ‘Kyoto Protocol’ signed in 1997 on the UN climate change conference hosted in 2012, the greenhouse effect and CO2 emission issues are increasingly visible in the world. In order to reduce the CO2 emission, many technologies that help reduce the consumption of fossil energy during the steelmaking process and replace steel with materials that have less CO2 emissions have been adopted. The syntheticfiber is one of the various materials that are used to replace the reinforcement in civil engineering.