ABSTRACT
Under the influence of shield excavation and soil conditions, disturbance on the soil layers in shield tunneling is unavailable, thus it is a key issue to predict and control the deformation of ground settlement at the stage of design and construction. The process of shield tunneling is a three-dimensional problem. On the one hand, the shield tail gap formed after the last assembled segment will induce ground loss, which has a significant influence on the ground displacement at the tunnel’ cross section. On the other hand, the deformation of tunnel’ excavation face, as well as the friction between shield machine and soil, will have an important influence on the ground displacement at the tunnel’ vertical section.
