ABSTRACT
Since the 1950s, the developed countries began to develop concentrated animal feeding operation, which generated lots of manure and sewage, polluting the environment seriously. In the 1960s, Japan used the concept of “livestock and poultry nuisance” to highly summarize the severity of livestock and poultry pollution (LIU Pei-fang et al., 2002). In recent years, with the rapid development of livestock industry in China, livestock pollution has become the main rural non-point source of pollution (LI Qing-kang et al., 2000). In 2009, livestock manures were 3.26 billion tons, which were 1.6 times as much as the contemporary industrial waste in China (ZHANG Tian et al., 2012). The vast discharge of livestock and poultry manures enormously increased environment stresses. Recently, with the features of huge output quantity and wide and severe pollution, livestock pollution has become the focus of common concern for all sectors of society.
