ABSTRACT
The emotional stability and physical health of workers on board aircraft are faced with the factors and conditions that enable professionals to carry out their activities and develop normally, The emotional stability and physical health of workers on board aircraft are faced with the factors and conditions that enable professionals carrying out their activities and develop normally, despite the fact that these conditions can occur in adverse format (Eugenio, 2011). The modern history of aviation with its great technological complexity is showing pilots as redundant components that integrate embedded controls in modern aircraft. This leads us to say that the value of this class of worker as a permanent social group in society does not receive, currently, the proper priority and the respect need. In research on the health of the pilot, there are three major perspectives that have been investigated that influence his stability, as well as the mental and emotional development of the modern airline pilot (Henriqson, 2010): The previous life of the individual directly tied to experience, age, genetic and physiological vectors, the social/ cultural environment and the formal education. This has changed the actions of pilots, especially in relation to emergency procedures. There are few studies that correlate the reduction of accidents with the cognitive and technological changes. The increased cognitive load relates to these changes
of flight. Would be given, thus, more humane and scientific support to the crew and to everyone else involved with the aerial activity, minimizing factors that cause incidents and accidents. Accident investigators concluded that the ideal situation for pilot training should include a psychological phase (Dekker, 2003), giving him or her, the opportunity of self-knowledge, identifying possible “psychological breakdowns” that biological features can present and can endanger the safety of flight. More human and scientific support should be given to the crew and everyone else involved with the aerial activity, reducing factors that can cause incidents and accidents. Accidents do not just happen. They have complex causes that can take days, weeks or even years to develop (Reason, 1990). However, when lack of attention and/or neglect take place resulting in a crash, we can be most certain there was a series of interactions between the user and the system that created the conditions for that to happen (Rasmussen, 1982). We understand that human variability and system failures are an integral part of the main sources of human error, causing incidents and accidents. The great human effort required to manage and performing actions with the interface as the task of monitoring, the precision in the application of command and maintaining a permanent mental model consistent with the innovations in automation will make it vulnerable to many human situations where errors can occur. The human variability at aviation is a possible component of human error and we can see the consequences of these errors leading to serious damage to aircraft and people. It is not easy, in the new aviation, to convey the ability to read the instruments displays
This can conduct to the deficiency and the misunderstanding in monitoring and performing control tasks: lack of motivation, the fact that it is stressful and tiring, and generate failures in control (scope, format and activation), poor training and instructions that are incomplete, wrong or ambiguous. The mind of the pilot is influenced by cognition and communication components during flight, especially if we observe all information processed. They are very critical considering that the pilot is constantly getting this information through the cockpit instruments. There are a permanent flux of informations about altitude, speed and position of aircraft and the operation of its hydraulic power systems during the flight. If any problem occurs, several lights will light up and warning sounds emerging the increase of the volume and type of man-machine communication which can diminish the perception of detail in information that must be processed and administered by the pilot. All this information must be processed by one’s brain at the same time as it
decides the necessary action in a context of very limited time. There is a limit of information that the brain can deal with which is part of natural human limitation. It can lead to the unusual situation in which, although the mind is operating normally, the volume of data makes it operate in overload, which may lead to failures and mistakes if we consider this man as a biological machine. All situations in which a planned sequence of mental or physical activities fails to achieve its desired outputs are considered as errors (Reason, 2008). Thus, it is necessary that steps be taken toward reducing the likelihood of occurrence of situations which could cause a problem. The flight safety depends on a significant amount of interpretations made by the pilot in the specific conditions in every moment of the flight. Accidents do not only occur due to pilot error, but also as a result of a poor design of the transmission of information from the external environment, equipment, their instruments, their signs, sounds and different messages. In these considerations, the human agent will always be subject to fatality, which is a factor that can not be neglected. Figure 1 shows the human-machine interaction where difficulties with cognitive and operational perspectives needs and also physical and emotional aspects take place in a human being during the occurrence of systemlevel of flight. It is difficult to convince, in a generic way, people with merely causal explanations due to human complexity. Further analysis of the problem will always end with the identification of a human error, which was probably originated in the design phase, at the manufacturing stage, or given simply as a result of an “act of God”.
