ABSTRACT
The New Kingdom (c. 1560-1080) evolves out of the defeat of the foreign invaders called Hyksos (~~3w b3swt) and re-establishment of a strong dynasty under King Ahmose. The decline and disintegration of the Middle Kingdom is a gradual process marked by civil war, decentralization, immigration and agricultural problems (Kemp 1983, 149-182). It is thought that the Second Intermediate Period can be marked as beginning after the death of Queen Sobekneferu (c.1785) and lasts two centuries (Grimal 1992, chapter 8; Gardiner 1964a, chapter 7; Kemp 1983, 149ff; Hornung 1999,76-125).
