ABSTRACT
Annual or six-monthly appraisal in Australia and Singapore forms part of employee development, with management by objectives being almost universal (Cheng and Brown, 1998). While systems distinguish between managerial and operative staff in both countries, appraisal is more commonly used to determine pay in Singapore than in Australia where award rates of payment, rather than individual contracts, govern pay rates. Managers have more scope to vary pay in Singapore because of workplace collective agreements. US experience is shown in Case study 5.10.
