ABSTRACT
Overview ........................................................................................................... 64 Dynamic Products of the Motivational Process .......................................... 65
Our Assumptions ................................................................................... 65 A Focus on Dynamic Multidimensionality ........................................ 67
The Importance of Multiple Criteria ............................................................. 70 Time and Performance: The Importance of Dynamic Criteria ................. 73
Within-Person Variance in Behavioral/Performance Criteria ......... 76 Within-Person Variance in Motivational Predictors .......................... 78 Moving Across Levels of Analysis ....................................................... 80
Future Research Strategies for Multivariate and Dynamic Motivation Research ........................................................................................ 82
Goal-Setting Theory ............................................................................... 82 Working Oneself to Death … or Not ........................................ 82 Performing Well, but Lacking Credibility ............................... 84 Success and Failure: Not Two Sides of the Same Coin? ......... 85
Goal Orientation Theories ..................................................................... 86 Expectancy Theories .............................................................................. 87 Organizational Justice ............................................................................ 88
Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 89 Author Note ...................................................................................................... 90 References ......................................................................................................... 90 Endnotes ............................................................................................................ 98
We begin with this premise: the behavioral life of an individual is a continual stream of thought and action, characterized by change from one activity to another, from birth until death. (Atkinson & Birch, 1978, p. 143)
In this chapter, we discuss the criterion measures that are assumed to reect motivated states of individuals. What behaviors do individuals enact and what other responses do they make that can be used as criteria and assumed to reect motivational processes and related states of individuals? There has been a certain amount of casualness in terms of the specic measures investigators have used as criteria in many studies. This casualness has perhaps been a result of a lack of theoretical guidance about criteria: a theory of criteria may be as important as a theory of motivation if we are to make signicant progress in our motivational research.
