ABSTRACT
Catherine succeeded in opening negotiations for peace, the terms upon which Elizabeth had helped rapidly cemented an alliance between the French parties. Huguenots and catholics combined against the English at Le Havre and expelled them after a gallant defence ill-supported from home. In 1563 Elizabeth replaced her ambassador in France, the violently anti-catholic Throckmorton, by that elderly moderate Sir Thomas Smith who at once entered upon the negotiations which in the end led to England shifting her continental alliance from Spain to France. Her experiences confirmed Elizabeth in her dislike of continental commitments, especially on behalf of Huguenots; the campaign also ended for all time the English ambitions for continental conquest.
