ABSTRACT

Ambush attacks occur with suddenness, surprise, and (often) extremely violent actions. Not surprisingly, they can involve shooting, explosions, smoke, shouting, and swearing. When an attack occurs, it is too late to take preventive measures. When the attack comes, it will come totally out of the blue, with split-second timing and incomprehensible violence. A key component of the attack is intimidation, allowing the victim no time or ability to resist.