ABSTRACT
Immediately after Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966), a firestorm of criticism arose from legal scholars, police officials, and conservative politicians. Legal scholars argued that the Court had usurped the legislative function and had made law instead of interpreting law. The police complained about the restraint on their ability to investigate crime. Conservative politicians railed against what they deemed handcuffing the police while coddling criminals.
