ABSTRACT
The second is that, in R&D, we often run into research problems for which there is no precedent. We have no value stream to map, since the value stream has never been designed or executed. This can occur in areas like strategy development, the design and start-up of a new business, the creation and execution of a new type or branch of science, or the development of a new type of product. A recurring case in pharmaceutical R&D is the development of different biological approaches to drug therapies, which require vastly different development and testing approaches than other biologics, let alone the small chemical molecules traditional to the pharmaceutical industry.
