ABSTRACT
Standard operations are aimed at using a minimum number of workers for production. ™e rst goal of standard operations is to achieve high productivity through strenuous work. Strenuous work at Toyota, however, does not mean forcing the workers to work very hard; instead, it means working e®ciently without any wasteful motions. A standardized order of the various operations to be performed by each worker, called the standard operations routine, is important in facilitating this rst goal.
