ABSTRACT
How should police in Western democracies manage serious protests? Arguably, the policies for policing protests took a new direction in the 1980s with the introduction of community-based policing (CBP). e CBP approach favored police-public partnerships, community ownership, grassroots in uence, collaborative decision making, and the inclusion of diverse constituencies of the citizenry. It took hold with such force, and so appealed to politicians and the general public, that it became embedded in the societal fabric of policing-even though the denition of CBP was not settled and there was no certainty that it was eective (Alpert, Dunham, & Stroshine, 2006; Greene & Mastrofski, 1988). CBP continues to be espoused throughout the industrialized world, and is held up as the model to be emulated in emerging democracies (Perrott, 2012), despite changes in the practice of policing (Klausen, 2009; Ransley & Mazerolle, 2009).
