ABSTRACT
Riot-control agents (RCAs) have been in use since the late nineteenth century as a means to gain tactical advantage over the enemy. RCAs are defined as any chemical that can produce rapid sensory irritation or disabling physical effects that disappear within a short time following termination of exposure [1]. As the Industrial Revolution drew to a close, there were a large variety of chemical agents with varying effects, toxicity, and risks. The Geneva Protocol in 1924 and subsequent Chemical Weapons Convention, which banned chemical weapons for warfare use, left a window open for the deployment of nonlethal, temporarily incapacitating chemical compounds
Use of Peripheral Sensory Irritants for Standard Police Operations 80 Tear Gas (CN and CS) 81 Oleoresin Capsaicin (OC) 82
Confusion in Labeling 85 Are the Sprays Flammable? 86 Introduction of CEWs into the Mix 88 Flammability Guidelines 90 Conveying the Importance of Practical Testing 91
CRT LL Testing Protocol 93 Experiment Setup 94
Both Probes Embedded in Mannequin 98 Bug Bombs 98 Scenario-Based Training 99
Conduct Periodic Testing 99 References 101
for law enforcement. During the civil rights and antiwar demonstrations in the 1960s, cities were losing control and called on the National Guard to perform law enforcement functions. The success of RCAs throughout those events stimulated their involvement in police special operations (SWAT) and civil disturbance functions.
