ABSTRACT
The American Indian nations are sovereign. They have been deemed by the US courts to be “domestic dependent nations” with the right to make and enforce their own laws* and to hold their police accountable to their own rules. The American Indian nations also have the authority in certain circumstances (e.g., in contracting with local law enforcement) to define and/or restrict the
Introduction 375 Police Accountability and the Concept of Continuous Improvement 377 Findings of the Three Accountability Studies 378 The City of Albuquerque, New Mexico (Study of 1996-1997) 379 The City of Portland, Oregon (Study of 2007-2008) 380 The City of Duluth, Minnesota (Study of 2010) 382 Individual Points of Contrast 384 Effects of the Police Accountability Studies 385 Conclusion 386 References 386
activities of local law enforcement in Indian Country.* This is generally not the case in urban communities, where Indian tribes and nations are in competition with states and cities as to how policing is to be conducted.
