ABSTRACT
DNA proling of biological samples has become a standard technology in forensic analysis. e trend toward DNA analysis methods began soon aer the demonstration of the ability to detect many highly variable genetic loci simultaneously to generate an individual-specic DNA “ngerprint” for use in human genetic analysis (Jereys et al. 1985). During the past two decades, the methodology for DNA genotyping witnessed a number of enhancements starting from restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and continuing to evolve to the currently used genotyping methods, including short tandem repeat (STR) proling (Butler et al. 2003; Collins et al. 2004; Krenke et al. 2002, 2005; Mulero et al. 2006, 2008; Shewale et al. 2004), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequencing (Chong et al. 2005; Holland and Parson 1999), and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping (Kidd et al. 2006; Phillips et al. 2007). Even though the individual methods have advanced, the major steps in the workow for DNA typing, such as DNA extraction, DNA quantication, genotyping, and data analysis, remained consistent over time.
