ABSTRACT
The 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century have been marred by violence, conflict, and war committed in response to colonialism, instability, territorial disputes, ethnic polarization, and terrorism. This chapter covers the worldwide implications of societies experiencing civil strife and localized wars. Crimes against humanity, war crimes, genocide, ethnic cleansing, and refugee crises are also examined. The legal mechanisms in place to deal with these issues are additionally explored. Special attention is paid to the challenges posed by conflict and postconflict societies to the international community.
