ABSTRACT
As friction ridges spread out across the surface of the developing fingers, they form one of three patterns: an arch, a loop, or a whorl (Figure 4.1). Each pattern type can be broken down into several subpatterns, which will be discussed in detail later in this chapter. The pattern formed is dependent on the dimensions of the volar pad, its size, shape, and position on the finger.1 Pattern type is a function of the volar pad’s 3D regression combined with the proliferation of friction ridges. As early as 1924, it was hypothesized that volar pad height and symmetry influence pattern formation.2 “High,” symmetrical volar pads form whorls. Asymmetrical volar pads form loops. And “low” volar pads form arches.
