ABSTRACT
As indicated in the Preface, we were unable to include numerous recent advances, such as the use of noninvasive Deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (dTMS) to improve learning skills, memory and cognitive function. In a recent survey, 87% of respondents said they would utilize this if it could enhance their performance at school or work. Noninvasive dTMS is cleared by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of drug resistant depression but it can be prescribed off label for other indications, which poses a problem, since it is used in Europe for numerous disorders and some do-it-yourselfers have built their own devices for home use. In a March 2014 Wall Street Journal article, two prominent researchers predicted that brain implants to improve cognitive skills will some day be as common as plastic surgery is today. They believe that, if computing power continues to increase at the same rate as it has for the past few decades, a single computer will likely have the computing capacity of a human brain by 2023, and, by 2045, a single computer could have the processing capability of all human brains put together.
